肯尼迪政府民防政策研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 13:27

本文关键词： 肯尼迪政府民防政策掩体　出处：《渤海大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民防在二十世纪二十年代就被广泛提及,第二次世界大战中原子弹的使用又给民防赋予了新的含义,即不仅能够抵御常规战争的进攻,还要能够保护民众远离由核武器引发的二次灾害。第二次世界大战结束后,美国政府意识到需要建立能够具有现代意义的民防体系。1949年苏联打破了美国核垄断地位,美国的民防政策真正提上日程。在杜鲁门总统和艾森豪威尔总统任期内,民防政策都有一定的发展,但由于资金等因素的限制,使得民防政策产生的成效不大。面对第二次柏林危机、古巴导弹危机以及苏联空间领域的激烈竞争等复杂国际局势,肯尼迪总统上台后采取积极的民防政策,加大民防预算支持民众修建民防掩体。在肯尼迪总统的任期内不仅第二次柏林危机加剧,而且还发生了古巴导弹危机,这些更对肯尼迪政府的民防政策产生了巨大的推动作用。尽管肯尼迪总统大力支持修建民防掩体,推行积极的民防政策,但由于国会拨付的资金有限,民众对待民防态度冷淡以及民防部门工作不力等原因使得肯尼迪总统在古巴导弹危机之后逐渐放弃其原来的民防政策。1963年11月,肯尼迪总统遇刺身亡,民防政策的发展也趋于停滞。肯尼迪政府的民防政策是在冷战的大背景下受到冷战的重大事件影响制定的,同时又深受冷战的制约。
[Abstract]:Since 1920s, civil defense has been widely mentioned, and the use of atomic bombs in World War II has given new meaning to civil defense, that is, it is not only able to resist the attack of conventional war. After World War II, the United States government realized the need for a modern civil defence system. In 1949, the Soviet Union broke the nuclear monopoly of the United States. The civil defense policy of the United States is really on the agenda. During the administrations of President Truman and President Eisenhower, civil defense policy has developed to a certain extent, but due to financial constraints and other factors, In the face of the complex international situation, such as the second Berlin crisis, the Cuban missile crisis and the fierce competition in the space field of the Soviet Union, President Kennedy adopted an active civil defense policy after taking office. Increase the civil defense budget to support civil defense bunkers. Not only did the second Berlin crisis intensify during President Kennedy's term, but there was also a Cuban missile crisis. These have contributed greatly to the civil defense policy of the Kennedy administration. Although President Kennedy strongly supported the construction of civil defence bunkers and pursued active civil defense policies, due to the limited funds allocated by Congress, The public's indifference to civil defense and the lack of work by civil defense departments led President Kennedy to abandon his original civil defence policy after the Cuban missile crisis. In November 1963, President Kennedy was assassinated. The development of civil defense policy also tends to stagnate. The civil defense policy of Kennedy administration was made under the background of the cold war and was influenced by the great events of the cold war, and was restricted by the cold war at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2

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