美国女权主义研究：历史与现状

发布时间：2018-02-26 03:32

本文关键词： 女权主义社会性别父权制　出处：《华东师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 女权主义作为西方哲学思想——个体主义(individualism)的一个分支，是西方父权制文化和西方社会个体化发展之间矛盾冲突的产物。女权主义兴起的主要原因，，是由于发展了的社会经济生活与父权制文化继续维持妇女从属地位之间矛盾的激化。随着自由主义思想的传播和工业革命的深化，男子在社会个体化的过程中获得越来越多的个人权利，而女性的权利却始终遭到排斥，无法调和的冲突促成了美国女权主义的兴起。美国的女权运动历史上出现了两次高潮时期。第一次是出现在19世纪末到20世纪初的妇女争取选举权的运动，在这次运动中，持自由主义信仰的女权主义者们将男女不平等的根源归结为妇女没有获得社会体制的准入权——政治平等权，因而争取政治平等权成为斗争的首要目标。第二次是出现在20世纪六、七十年代的女权运动，这次运动强调妇女的解放，意指在一切社会领域中争取男女平等。由于女权主义者们认识到社会的主流意识把女性限制在家庭这个私人领域内，排斥女性进入公共领域，从而造成了女性社会地位的低下，因而积极地争取妇女在公共领域内全方面的权利成为这次运动的主要目标。通过游说、静坐、游行、示威等多种斗争手段，美国女权主义运动为美国女性赢得了政治选举权、工资待遇和职业性质、受教育机会等方面的显著改善，美国的家庭模式，社会文化也均受到了一定程度的影响，向着有利于妇女地位的方向发展。今天的美国女权主义运动已不再像过去一样表现为大规模的全国性政治运动，而是越来越重视女权主义理论研究的深入和发展。女权主义作为当代西方社会影响较大的政治思潮之一，它既是女权运动的实践经验的总结，又是女权运动的理论指南。为了更好地反映和理解美国女权运动的历史进程，本文也将对于女权运动发展史上出现过的自由主义、社会主义、激进主义的女权主义政治思想做深入细致地介绍和评析。当前美国女权主义重要研究成果之一社会性别理论的提出和发展使得美国女权主义运动有了新的质的飞跃，从原来的忽视男女生理差异，片面追求男性特质转移到致力于改造以男子为中心的社会文化体制，建立中性化的社会性别制度，从而促进男女真正和谐发展上来。这个理论对我国的妇女研究和妇女工作产生了重大影响，本文对此也进行了介绍和分析。总之，女权主义作为一种妇女在法律、政治、经济、文化、教育等各个领域里争取同男子享有平等权利的政治思想和运动。它既像其他比较有系统的思想一样，有着自己的理论和不同的流派，也像其他有相当规模的运动一样，展开了形式多样的斗争，在思想与运动的交互作用下，女权主义不断推动社会向着有利于改变妇女地位的方向迈步。
[Abstract]:Feminism, as a branch of western philosophical ideologyindividualism, is the product of conflict between patriarchal culture and individualized development of western society. Because the contradiction between the developed social and economic life and the patriarchal culture continues to maintain the subordinate status of women. With the spread of liberalism and the deepening of the industrial revolution, Men gain more and more individual rights in the process of individualization, while women's rights are always excluded. Irreconcilable conflicts have contributed to the rise of feminism in the United States. There have been two climaxes in the history of the feminist movement in the United States. The first was the women's campaign for the right to vote, which took place from late 19th century to early 20th century. Libertarian feminists attribute the root causes of inequality between men and women to women's lack of access to the social system-the right to political equality. Thus, the struggle for political equality became the primary objective of the struggle. The second was the feminist movement, which appeared on 20th century and 70s, which emphasized the emancipation of women. It means to strive for equality between men and women in all spheres of society... as a result of the recognition by feminists that the mainstream of society restricts women to the private sphere of the family and excludes women from the public sphere, resulting in the low status of women in society, Therefore, actively fighting for women's rights in all aspects of the public sphere has become the main target of this movement. Through various means of struggle, such as lobbying, sit-ins, marches, demonstrations, and so on, the American feminist movement has won American women the right to vote in politics. Pay and job quality, education opportunities and other aspects of significant improvement, the United States family model, social and cultural are also affected to a certain extent, toward the direction of women's status. Today's feminist movement in the United States no longer manifests itself as a large-scale national political movement, as it used to be. Feminism, as one of the most influential political trends in contemporary western society, is a summary of the practical experience of the feminist movement. In order to better reflect and understand the historical process of American feminist movement, this paper will also discuss the history of liberalism, socialism, which appeared in the history of feminist movement. The radical feminist political thought is introduced and analyzed in detail. The development of the gender theory, one of the important research achievements of American feminism, has made a new qualitative leap for the American feminist movement. Instead of neglecting the physiological differences between men and women, the one-sided pursuit of masculinity has shifted to the transformation of the male-centered social and cultural system and the establishment of a neutral gender system. This theory has a great influence on women's research and women's work in our country. This paper also introduces and analyzes this theory. In short, feminism, as a political thought and movement of women seeking equal rights with men in all fields of law, politics, economy, culture, education, etc., is like other more systematic ideas. With their own theories and different schools of thought, and like other movements on a fairly large scale, they fought in various forms, under the interaction of thought and movement. Feminism continues to push society in the direction of changing the status of women.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：C913.68;D771.2

【引证文献】