美国长期照护服务与支持体系受益分析及对中国的启示——从美国医疗补助视角考察

发布时间：2018-02-26 15:43

本文关键词： 医疗补助长期照护受益分析政策借鉴与创新　出处：《理论月刊》2015年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：长期照护服务是老年养老服务的核心内容,在长期照护体系完善方面,中国与美国有许多相似的地方。本文从美国医疗补助视角剖析老龄者的长期照护实际受益情况,从中总结:政府的财政补助在养老照护方面起到了相当大的作用,政府应进一步加大对于低收入群体的养老照护财政投入,设计和完善相应的制度和服务体系;享受居家和社区为依托的照护(HCBS)人群所占比重越来越大,而其财政支持却凸显不足,因此,政府的救助保障等政策及财政支持应更多地倾斜到HCBS中去;无论HCBS还是机构照护,呈现出越来越多样化的选择,需要针对不同照护类型,在服务设计方面有所不同侧重;需重视越来越严重的身体残障者和精神残障者的照护。值得借鉴的是,中国政府应支持和鼓励地方政府政策创新,地方政府积极地因地制宜完善地方的长期照护保障及服务体系;以需求为导向的政策制定,加大老年低收入群体、弱势群体的救助保障;有针对性地创新长期照护服务的提供,救助保障倾斜到居家和社区养老照护服务方面;重点关注失能老年群体的照护。
[Abstract]:The long-term care service is the core content of the old-age pension service. There are many similarities between China and the United States in the improvement of the long-term care system. This paper analyzes the actual benefits of long-term care for the elderly from the perspective of Medicaid in the United States. Summing up: the government financial subsidy has played a considerable role in old-age care, the government should further increase the financial input for low-income groups of old-age care, design and improve the corresponding system and service system; The proportion of people enjoying home and community based care is increasing, but their financial support is becoming more and more inadequate. Therefore, the government's policies and financial support, such as assistance and security, should be more inclined to the HCBS; whether it is HCBS or institutional care, Presents more and more diversified choices, needs to focus on different types of care, in terms of service design; needs to pay attention to the care of people with increasing physical and mental disabilities. The Chinese government should support and encourage local government policy innovation, and local governments should actively adapt measures to local conditions to improve the local long-term care, security and service system; demand-oriented policy formulation; and increase the number of elderly low-income groups. Vulnerable groups of relief security; targeted innovation of long-term care services, relief support to the home and community pension care services; focus on the disabled elderly group care.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学管理学院公共管理系;美国堪萨斯大学;
【基金】：北京市教育委员会2015年度社科计划资助项目重点课题资助项目(SZ201510028014)
【分类号】：D771.2;C913.6

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