6世纪东地中海地区的地震与政府救助刍议

发布时间：2018-02-28 01:04

本文关键词： 东地中海地区地震次生灾害政府救助　出处：《史林》2014年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：公元6世纪,东地中海地区频繁发生地震,震后,这一地区的众多城市出现了火灾、瘟疫、海啸和泥石流等次生灾害。频发的地震及火灾、瘟疫等次生灾害使该地区建筑物大面积坍塌、人口锐减、城市运转失序,从而严重影响到拜占廷帝国的社会稳定。以皇帝为中心的拜占廷政府在震后对受灾地区进行了直接拨款、免税、修缮宗教建筑物及举行纪念活动等物质和精神层面的救助活动。中央政府的物质救助措施的实施范围和力度随受灾地区与受灾时间的不同而有所区别;因财政日益短绌,至6世纪后半期,政府逐渐将注意力从实际的物质救助转向以维系人心为目的的精神救助。6世纪前半期政府的救助措施在一定程度上对稳定灾区社会秩序起到了积极作用,而6世纪中期之后帝国政府救助活动侧重点的转移则成为导致东地中海部分地区与城市衰落的重要原因,同时也反映出6世纪拜占廷帝国由盛转衰的发展趋势。
[Abstract]:In 6th century, earthquakes occurred frequently in the eastern Mediterranean region. After the earthquake, many cities in the region suffered from secondary disasters such as fire, plague, tsunami and mudslides. Secondary disasters, such as plagues, have caused large areas of buildings to collapse, a sharp decline in population, and urban dislocation in the region. This seriously affected the social stability of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine government, centered around the emperor, made direct allocations to the affected areas after the earthquake and made tax exemptions. Material and spiritual relief activities, such as the renovation of religious buildings and the holding of commemorative activities. The scope and intensity of the Central Government's material relief measures vary according to the affected area and the duration of the disaster; because of the growing financial deficit, In the latter half of 6th century, the government gradually shifted its attention from practical material assistance to spiritual relief aimed at maintaining the people's heart. In the first half of the 6th century, the government's rescue measures played a positive role in stabilizing the social order in the disaster areas to a certain extent. After the middle of 6th century, the shift of emphasis in the rescue activities of the Imperial Government became an important reason for the decline of parts of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and cities, and also reflected the trend of the Byzantine Empire from prosperity to decline in 6th century.
【作者单位】：广西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“古代晚期地中海地区自然灾害研究”的阶段性成果(项目号为13XSS004) 2013年度广西高等学校人文社会科学研究项目“6世纪环地中海区域与我国华南地区疫病比较研究”(项目号为SK13LX039)的成果 2013年度广西人文社会科学发展研究中心青年专项立项项目“早期拜占廷帝国政治秩序重建研究”(重点项目,项目编号QNZD13002) 第46批留学回国人员科研启动基金“早期拜占廷帝国的自然灾害研究” 广西师范大学2012年度博士科研启动基金项目“6世纪东地中海世界的环境灾害与人口变动”的支持
【分类号】：D57;K134

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