后冷战时期中亚伊斯兰教复兴的表现、原因及影响（1989-2000）

发布时间：2018-03-09 13:45

本文选题：中亚　切入点：伊斯兰教复兴运动　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中亚五国均为伊斯兰教国家,中亚地区的伊斯兰教复兴是当代世界伊斯兰教复兴的一个重要组成部分。中亚五国的伊斯兰教复兴在20世纪80年代末90年代初时面临着重要转折,在苏联解体后获得了较快发展。中亚五国的伊斯兰教复兴各自有其突出特点,但都与本国的社会密切联系并对社会产生较深远的影响。伴随着中亚地区伊斯兰教复兴,伊斯兰极端主义思想也传入了中亚,伊斯兰极端主义势力和民族分裂势力与恐怖主义势力相互勾结,对中亚及其周边国家的安全稳定都造成了很大的威胁。对中亚伊斯兰教复兴的原因和影响的分析对于中亚及其周边国家来说都有着重要的现实意义,中亚伊斯兰教复兴与中国新疆的安全稳定和民族团结都有着不可忽视的影响,而有关政府如何正确处理与伊斯兰教之间的关系,如何正确引导伊斯兰教的发展,发挥其积极作用,避免其走向极端化的思考在当今国际社会对众多拥有穆斯林人口的国家都有着很强的现实意义。本文一共分为三章,具体内容安排如下:第一章主要介绍了中亚伊斯兰教复兴的表现,一共分为三个部分。第一部分梳理了伊斯兰教在中亚的发展历史,包括伊斯兰教在中亚的早期传播及发展阶段、沙俄时期和苏联时期的中亚伊斯兰教发展阶段,进而总结伊斯兰教在中亚发展独特的历史特点。第二部分分析了中亚伊斯兰教复兴开始的时间。苏联解体前期,从戈尔巴乔夫改革开始为标志,伊斯兰教在中亚迅速开始复兴。第三部分探讨了中亚伊斯兰教复兴的表现。这一表现集中体现在宗教设施的增加和宗教文化活动的恢复。第二章着重分析了中亚伊斯兰教复兴的原因和特点。文章将从内因和外因两个角度来分析。从内因看,苏联时期长期实行错误的宗教政策,对伊斯兰教实施高压政策,这使得伊斯兰教长久以来都只能在地下艰难生存。苏联推行"新思维"改革,特别是苏联解体后,获得独立的中亚五国纷纷采取了开放的宗教信仰自由政策,客观上为伊斯兰教复兴提供了条件。除此之外,中亚五国由于受到苏联模式弊端的影响而发展缓慢,独立之后国内经济缺乏经济增长动力,失业率偏高,加之年轻人占人口比例高,客观上为伊斯兰教复兴准备了"后备军"。与此同时,苏联解体之后,中亚五国伊斯兰教新建的大量宗教设施,需要大量新的教职人员,吸引了大量的年轻人加入,从而推动了伊斯兰教复兴的浪潮。从外因看,苏联解体之后,中亚地区出现权力真空,周边的伊斯兰国家都积极对刚成立的中亚五国伸出援手,支援中亚的伊斯兰教复兴建设,从而也推动了中亚的伊斯兰教复兴。第三章主要分析了中亚伊斯兰教复兴对中亚和周边国家的影响。对于中亚来说,伊斯兰教在社会中相比以前发挥着更多的文化和社会功能,对中亚地区的文化、外交和社会发展都产生了巨大的影响。中亚伊斯兰教复兴过程中的伊斯兰极端主义势力与恐怖主义和民族分裂势力相互勾结,对中亚五国和周边国家都造成了很大的安全威胁。中亚五国和周边国家都积极通过加强国际合作来共同抵制伊斯兰极端主义势力。
[Abstract]:The five Central Asian countries are Islamic countries in Central Asia, the Islamic Renaissance is an important part of the contemporary world Islamic Renaissance. The five Central Asian countries are facing an important turning point in Islamic revival in the late 1980s early 90s, gained rapid development after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The five Central Asian countries have their own outstanding characteristics of Islamic Renaissance, but with their own the society closely linked and have profound effects on the society. Along with the revival of Islam in Central Asia, Islamic extremism spread into Central Asia, the Islamic extremist forces and ethnic separatist forces and terrorist forces in collusion, safety and stability of Central Asia and its neighboring countries have caused a great threat. The cause and effect analysis of Central Asia the Islamic revival has important realistic meaning for Central Asia and its neighboring countries Yi, Xinjiang and Central Asia Islamic revival China security stability and national unity has the effect can not be ignored, the relationship between the government and how to deal with Islam, how to correctly guide the development of Islam, to play its positive role, avoid thinking to extremes in today's international society has many of the Muslim population the country has a very strong practical significance. This paper is divided into three chapters, the main contents are as follows: the first chapter mainly introduces the revival of Islam in Central Asia, is divided into three parts. The first part reviews the history of the development of Islam in Central Asia, including the early spread of Islam in Central Asia and Russia during the development stage. And the Soviet Union during the development of Islam in Central Asia, and then summarize the development history of the unique characteristics of Islam in Central Asia. The second part analyzes in Asian Islamic revival begins. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, from the Gorbachev reform began as a symbol of Islam in Central Asia began to revive quickly. The third part discusses the revival of Islam in Central Asia. This performance embodies the increase in religious facilities and religious cultural activities resumed. The second chapter mainly analyzes the causes and characteristics of the revival of Islam in Central Asia the article will be from the two aspects of internal and external analysis. From the internal perspective, the Soviet Union long-standing wrong religious policy, the implementation of high pressure policy on Islam, since this makes Islam long only in the underground hard to survive. The Soviet Union's "new thinking" reform, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the independence of the five Central Asian countries have adopted the open policy of freedom of religious belief, provides the objective conditions for the rejuvenation of Islam. In addition, the Central Asian country by five In the influence of the Soviet model and the drawbacks of slow development, independent domestic economy lack of power of economic growth, the unemployment rate is high, and the young people accounted for a high proportion of the population, the objective for the rejuvenation of Islam to "reserve army". At the same time, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of religious facilities in Asian countries Islam new, requires a lot of new the clergy, attracted a large number of young people, so as to promote the Islamic Renaissance tide. From the perspective of external factors, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a power vacuum in Central Asia, around the Islamic state are actively to the newly established Central Asian countries helping to support the construction of the Central Asian Islamic Renaissance, which also contributed to the revival of Islam in Central Asia. The third chapter mainly analyzes the influence of Central Asia Islamic revival in Central Asia and neighboring countries. In Central Asia, Islam than in society Before playing a more and more cultural and social functions, the regional culture, has exerted a great influence in diplomacy and social development. Islam in Central Asia in the revival of Islamic extremism and terrorism and separatism in collusion, have caused a great threat to the five Central Asian countries and neighboring countries. The five Central Asian countries and neighboring countries actively through the strengthening of international cooperation to jointly resist Islamic extremism.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B969;D736

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