苏联解体的美国因素及其深刻教训

发布时间：2018-03-16 06:34

本文选题：苏联解体　切入点：美国因素　出处：《武汉大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：超级大国苏联的解体,是20世纪世界突出重大事件之一。国内外对此进行了大量研究,已有许多有见地的成果。本文在吸收上述成果的基础上,尝试从该领域较薄弱的环节:美国因素的角度,深入解析苏联解体的原因与教训,力求有某些新认识、新观点、新启示。文章的第一部分,简要阐述了苏联解体的过程。苏联弊端的长期积累,积重难返是历史原因,渐变逐渐病变了苏联存在的根基。戈尔巴乔夫执政后改革的失败和主动改制,加之内外敌对势力的联合作祟,使新旧矛盾、问题激化,共同推翻了苏联这一“大厦”。苏联剧变的实质是党变、制改、解体。文章的第二部分,重点剖析了美国在苏联解体中的外部作用。首先,分析了美苏长期军备竞赛的恶果。军备竞赛美苏都有不可推卸的责任,共同恶化了国际环境,使得世界的和平发展受到极大的损害。但美国则通过这一举动,利用综合国力的优势,使苏联长期保持均势膨胀的态势,加速了苏联体制的僵化,重轻农比例长期严重失调,表面上声名赫赫,实际上根基大伤。军备竞赛不是社会主义中的题中应有之义,祸害了社会主义的形象。最后导致苏联内外众叛亲离。得民心者得天下,失民心后国家剧变解体。其次,分析了美国里根政府所奉行新遏制战略对苏联的影响。新遏制战略,其实是软硬两手共同加强的战略。美国通过实施新遏制战略,把“封堵”变为“有限推回”;实施“星球大战计划",拖住苏联搞军备竞赛,加速了苏联问题突出,矛盾激化。与此同时,提升“和平演变”战略的力度,助推了内外反对派的猖獗,引诱戈尔巴乔夫改革方向的右转。到1989年里根下台时,苏联已经内外危急高升。再者,乔治·布什上台后,奉行超越遏制战略。继承了里根政府硬的一手的运用,在“和平演变”战略上对苏联全方位推进。支持中国的动乱,失败后全力推动东欧剧变,以东欧剧变影响苏联改革进程,支持戈尔巴乔夫改革方向的进一步右转。苏联“8·19事变”失败后,全力支持叶利钦等分离势力分裂,最终客串苏联解体。
[Abstract]:The disintegration of the Soviet Union was one of the most important events in the world in 20th century. A great deal of research has been carried out on this issue at home and abroad, and there have been many insightful results. This paper attempts to analyze the causes and lessons of the disintegration of the Soviet Union from the point of view of the weak link in this field: the American factor, and tries to have some new understandings, new viewpoints and new revelations. The first part of the article briefly describes the process of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The long-term accumulation of the Soviet Union's drawbacks, which is not easily solved, is the historical reason. The gradual change has gradually affected the foundation of the Soviet Union's existence. The failure of reform and the active reform of the Soviet Union after Gorbachev came to power, coupled with the joint efforts of the internal and external hostile forces, made the old and new contradictions between the new and the old. The problem intensified and the Soviet Union's edifice was overthrown. The essence of the Soviet upheaval was Party change, system reform, and disintegration. In the second part, the author analyzes the external role of the United States in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. First of all, it analyzes the bad consequences of the long-term arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. The arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union has the unshirkable responsibility to jointly worsen the international environment and cause great damage to the peaceful development of the world. But the United States adopted this act. With the advantage of comprehensive national strength, the Soviet Union has maintained a state of expansion in balance of power for a long time, accelerated the ossification of the Soviet system, a serious imbalance in the proportion of putting heavy weight on agriculture and neglecting agriculture for a long time, and, on the face of it, has a. In fact, the foundation is badly damaged. The arms race is not the proper meaning of socialism, it harms the image of socialism. Finally, it leads to the rebellion of the people inside and outside the Soviet Union. Secondly, it analyzes the influence of the new containment strategy pursued by the Reagan administration on the Soviet Union. The new containment strategy is actually a strategy strengthened by both hard and soft hands. Through the implementation of the new containment strategy, the United States has adopted the new containment strategy. The implementation of the "Star Wars program" and the prevention of the Soviet Union's arms race have accelerated the Soviet Union's outstanding problems and intensified contradictions. At the same time, the "peaceful evolution" strategy has been enhanced. Drove the internal and external opposition rampant, enticed Gorbachev reform right turn. By the time Reagan stepped down in 1989, the Soviet Union had risen in crisis. Moreover, after George Bush came to power, he pursued the strategy of transcending containment. He inherited the hard hand of the Reagan administration and pushed forward the Soviet Union in all directions in the "peaceful evolution" strategy. He supported the turmoil in China and pushed forward the drastic changes in Eastern Europe after failure. The drastic changes in Eastern Europe influenced the reform process of the Soviet Union and supported Gorbachev's further right turn in the direction of reform. After the defeat of the "August 19 incident", the Soviet Union gave its full support to the break-up of the separatist forces such as Yeltsin and finally to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D751.2;D515

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