1997年金融危机对韩国社会分层影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 21:22

本文选题：韩国　切入点：金融危机　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在国际社会中,国家内部社会阶级两极化一直以来都是一个备受关注的话题。一个国家内部是否稳定,都会对国家内政外交上产生不可小视的重要影响。而阶级两极化恰恰是影响一个社会稳定的关键因素。本文以韩国社会为例,以马克思主义阶级论为指导,在1997年金融危机席卷亚洲各国的大背景下,采用定量研究方法及归纳演绎法,分析韩国社会的阶层变化,注意到其两极分化现象的加剧及探索其影响因素,来进一步论证韩国社会中不稳定的阶级构成对韩国内政外交所带来的影响。1997年的亚洲金融风暴,韩国俗称的“IMF事件”迅速并凶猛地浇灭了原本是“亚洲四小龙”之首韩国的发展之光,沉重地打击了其经济、政治、社会等领域快速上升发展的势头,时至今日依然在韩国民众心里留下了不少的阴影。不仅如此,1997年的金融危机也成为了一个加剧韩国社会阶级两极分化的导火索,使得韩国社会学界、政界以及韩国国民开始意识到阶级分化问题的严重性与迫切性。金融危机的爆发,使得原本以为靠劳动努力可以过上好日子的人希望破灭,社会弥漫着资产投机之风。这更加剧了有产阶级与无产阶级之间的经济差距。逐渐加深的经济鸿沟被迅速扩大,同时势必给民众的生活带来直接的影响,如居住地的集中与固化。这种居住属地的分化又伴随着韩国特有的教育制度,造成了子女教育与职业上的隔离,形成了后代两极分化的继承和再生产,阻断了阶级之间的正常流动,最后中产阶级的崩溃,并不断沉沦于下层阶级。由于这种深入的分化,最终形成两个阶级之间意识上的矛盾和对立,成为了影响韩国社会稳定的一个重要因素。这种两极分化的形成对韩国的内政外交带来了不少的挑战。一方面,阶级分化形成了庞大的下层民众与极少数的精英阶层,由于民众对公众舆论的影响,使得韩国历史上第一任从在野党上台的金大中政府的政策更加专注于减少两个阶层之间的差距。另一方面,韩国国内社会的不稳定在韩国的对外政策上,也产生了不少影响,使得韩国政府在国际社会上更加积极谋求合作,以期待改善国内破败的情况和缓解国内社会舆论压力。同时,随着“阳光政策”等的出台,韩朝关系也变得一度缓和起来。
[Abstract]:In the international community, the polarization of social class within a country has always been a subject of much concern.Whether a country is stable or not will have an important influence on the internal and foreign affairs of a country.Class polarization is precisely the key factor affecting a social stability.This paper takes Korean society as an example, under the guidance of Marxist class theory, under the background of the financial crisis sweeping over Asian countries in 1997, adopts quantitative research method and inductive deduction method to analyze the social stratum change of Korean society.Noting the intensification of its polarization and the exploration of its influential factors in order to further demonstrate the impact of the unstable class composition of Korean society on Korea's internal and foreign affairs. The Asian financial turmoil of 1997,The "IMF incident", commonly known in South Korea, quickly and ferociously extinguished the light of development of South Korea, which was originally the head of the "four Little Dragons of Asia," and dealt a heavy blow to its rapid rise in economic, political, social and other fields.Today still leaves a lot of shadow in the heart of the Korean people.Not only that, the 1997 financial crisis also became a trigger to aggravate the polarization of the social class in South Korea, which made the Korean sociological circles, political circles and the Korean people begin to realize the seriousness and urgency of the problem of class differentiation.The outbreak of the financial crisis dashed the hopes of those who thought that they could make a good living by working hard, and the society was permeated with speculation on assets.This has exacerbated the economic gap between the rich and the proletariat.The growing economic gap is rapidly widening, and it is bound to have a direct impact on people's lives, such as the concentration and solidification of their places of residence.This differentiation of residence territories was accompanied by Korea's unique educational system, resulting in the separation of children's education and occupation, the formation of a polarizing inheritance and reproduction of future generations, and the interruption of the normal flow of classes.Finally, the middle class collapsed and continued to fall into the lower classes.As a result of this deep division, the contradiction and antagonism between the two classes' consciousness finally formed, which became an important factor affecting the social stability of Korea.The formation of this polarization has brought many challenges to South Korea's domestic and foreign affairs.On the one hand, class differentiation has formed a huge lower class and a very small number of elite classes. Because of the influence of the public on public opinion,The policy of Kim Dae-jung, South Korea's first opposition government in history, has focused more on reducing the gap between the two classes.On the other hand, the instability of the Korean domestic society has also had a lot of impact on Korea's foreign policy, making the Korean government more active in seeking cooperation in the international community.In order to improve the domestic situation and ease the domestic public opinion pressure.At the same time, with the introduction of the "sunshine policy", South-Korean relations have also become relaxed for a time.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F831.59;D731.26

【参考文献】