美国公共利益集团与美国政治决策程序

发布时间：2018-04-06 06:32

本文选题：美国公共利益集团　切入点：民主政治　出处：《外交学院》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 美国公共利益集团作为美国社会一种极为独特的社会现象,在美国发挥着日益重要的作用。公共利益集团引起了政治学家的兴趣,对于他们的讨论也一直充斥着各种不同的声音。所谓公共利益集团,是指那些由于共同的道德信仰所激励,为了谋求社会大众的利益,致力于参与政府决策,影响政府行为的组织。公共利益集团不同与美国其他利益集团的重要特征是他们追求目标的道德高尚性和代表利益的广泛性。公共利益集团的产生与发展都离不开美国的民主政治。正是由于美国宪法第一修正案的保护,公共利益集团的存在便有了宪法基础。美国政府是实行三权分立,拥有有限权力的联邦制政府。这种纵横交错的划分使得任何单一政策的制定都分配到极小的政府权力源中,这也为公共利益集团的政治参与活动创造了广阔的空间和绝佳的机会。美国公共利益集团利用他们自身的优势,积极把握民主政治所带来的便益,充分利用各种资源,展开游说活动,从而参与政府决策,以传递广大民众的关切。美国的民主政治因为公共利益集团的积极参与而呈现出明显的改善。大众的政治觉悟提高,美国政府内部政治决策不再局限于以往行政部门,立法机构及利益集团构成的“铁三角”,而是形成了个人,团体都可以充分参与并施加影响的政策决策机构。公共利益集团与美国的民主政治相互依赖,相互促进。不过美中不足的是,都有改进的空间。公共利益集团的积极参与可以推进美国的民主政治,但是由于众多利益集团肯定存在利益的差异,甚至冲突。这样各个利益集团相互竞争,最终不可避免地造成政治资源的损耗,减慢政府决策时间。而且很多公共利益集团内部决策过程缺乏民主,使得民意表达受到限制,引起公众对他们代表公共利益的质疑。美国国内税收法典的一些规定也在一定程度上限制了公共利益集团的政治参与活动。
[Abstract]:As a unique social phenomenon, American public interest group plays an increasingly important role in American society.Public interest groups have attracted the interest of political scientists, and discussions about them have been rife with different voices.The so-called public interest group refers to those organizations which are motivated by the common moral belief and are committed to participate in government decision-making and influence government behavior in order to seek the interests of the public.Different from other American interest groups, public interest groups are characterized by their pursuit of moral nobility and broad representation of interests.The emergence and development of public interest groups are inseparable from the democratic politics of the United States.Because of the protection of the first Amendment, the existence of public interest groups has a constitutional basis.The United States government is a federal government with limited powers and a separation of powers.This kind of crisscross division makes any single policy to be allocated to the extremely small government power source, which also creates the broad space and the excellent opportunity for the public interest group's political participation.Public interest groups in the United States take advantage of their own advantages, actively grasp the benefits brought about by democratic politics, make full use of all kinds of resources, carry out lobbying activities, and thus participate in government decisions in order to convey the concerns of the general public.Democracy in the United States has improved markedly because of the active participation of public interest groups.The political consciousness of the public has increased, and the internal political decisions of the US government are no longer confined to the "iron triangle" of the executive branch, legislature and interest groups in the past. Rather, they have formed an individual.Groups can fully participate in and exert influence on policy-making bodies.Public interest groups and American democracy are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.However, there is room for improvement.The active participation of public interest groups can promote democratic politics in the United States, but there must be differences of interests and even conflicts among many interest groups.The competition between different interest groups will inevitably lead to the loss of political resources and slow down the government's decision-making time.Moreover, the lack of democracy in the decision-making process of many public interest groups limits the expression of public opinion and raises public doubts about their representation of the public interest.Some provisions of the US Internal tax Code also restrict the political participation of public interest groups to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D771.2

【引证文献】