俄罗斯民粹主义:现象、根源与特点

发布时间：2018-04-10 15:02

本文选题：世界政治 + 民粹主义　；参考：《国际政治研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：俄罗斯民粹主义既指称俄罗斯19世纪激进社会主义运动,也用以描述当代政治现象,这一现象既是表达民意的形式,也是执政当局或体制内外反对派的政治工具。俄罗斯民粹主义是对现代化进程所引发冲突的反应,它声张人民立场,把现代化进程中的"受损"归结于资本主义,用区分"自己人"和"他人"的简单逻辑解释复杂问题,依靠人民力量达到政治目的。俄罗斯民粹主义的这些共性源于俄罗斯现代化发展道路的摇摆性、矛盾性,俄罗斯的现代化进程鼓励追求正义,但现代化和全球化又使俄罗斯的民族独特性受到冲击,非理性、矛盾性和宗教性的俄罗斯文化鼓励了民粹主义。俄罗斯社会结构变化、知识分子与人民的互动趋于紧密,以及自由主义的巨大影响,使当代俄罗斯民粹主义呈现出新特点,即民粹主义的主体从知识分子变成中产阶级,重视利益政治,淡化道德理想政治。
[Abstract]:Russian populism refers to Russia's 19th century radical socialist movement as well as contemporary political phenomenon, which is not only a form of expression of public opinion, but also a political tool of the governing authorities or the opposition inside and outside the system.Russian populism is a reaction to the conflict caused by the modernization process. It expresses the position of the people, ascribes the "damage" to capitalism in the process of modernization, and interprets complex problems with simple logic that distinguishes "one's own people" from "others".Rely on the strength of the people to achieve political ends.These commonalities of Russian populism originate from the swing and contradiction of the road of Russian modernization development. The modernization process of Russia encourages the pursuit of justice, but modernization and globalization impact the national uniqueness of Russia and are irrational.Contradictory and religious Russian culture encourages populism.The changes in Russian social structure, the close interaction between intellectuals and the people, and the great influence of liberalism make the contemporary Russian populism take on new characteristics, that is, the main body of populism has changed from intellectuals to middle class.Attach importance to interest politics and dilute moral ideal politics.
【作者单位】：北京大学国际关系学院;
【分类号】：D751.2

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