“特朗普现象”与美国政治变迁的逻辑及趋势

发布时间：2018-04-26 22:02

本文选题：特朗普现象 + 美国政治　；参考：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：2016年美国大选中的"特朗普现象"及其蕴含的政党政治重组趋势,预示着美国政治正在步入一个新周期。因此,准确把握上述现象与趋势形成的原因及其影响是理解特朗普时代美国政治的逻辑前提。本文认为,"特朗普现象"对美国政治的冲击体现为民主党传统的东北部政治联盟在此次大选中出现分裂,其中大湖区"铁锈地带"白人蓝领中下层成了共和党的支持者,该党势力范围因此扩展到东北部,构建起了一个由南部、中西部和东北部"铁锈地带"组成的新政治联盟,进而推动形成了美国政治新一轮政党重组趋势。这就意味着,肇始于20世纪80年代"里根革命"的新镀金时代正在终结,共和、民主两党"对等极化"政治格局下并行不悖的经济社会发展路径——新自由主义与多元主义——正被本土主义取代,步入新周期的美国政治将更有可能回到古典自由主义发展路径,其核心特征是在摒弃新自由主义经济金融化、全球化理念与多元主义"政治正确"理念基础上的再工业化、自由放任式经济政策及文化保守主义。
[Abstract]:The "Trump phenomenon" and the political reorganization trend in the political party in the 2016 American general election indicate that American politics is entering a new cycle. Therefore, it is the logic of American politics in the Trump era to grasp the reason and influence of the above phenomenon and trend. This article holds that "Trump phenomenon" is to American politics. The shock reflected the split in the democratic tradition of the Northeast political alliance in the general election, in which the lower layer of the white blue collar in the "rusty zone" of the Great Lakes region became a Republican supporter. The party's sphere of influence expanded to the northeast and built a new political alliance composed of the "rust belt" in the south, the Midwest and the northeast. It has been promoted to form a new round of political party restructuring in the United States, which means that the new age of gold plating that started in the "Reagan revolution" in 1980s is ending. The Republic and the Democratic bipartisan "reciprocal polarization" in the political pattern of economic and social development - neo liberalism and pluralism - are being replaced by nationalism, Into the new cycle, American politics will be more likely to return to the path of the development of classical liberalism. Its core features are Reindustrialization on the basis of abandoning the economic liberalization of Neo liberalism, the concept of globalization and the "political correctness" concept of pluralism, the laissez faire economic policy and cultural conservatism.

【作者单位】：复旦大学美国研究中心;
【基金】：复旦大学中美新型大国关系协同创新中心的研究成果
【分类号】：D771.2

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