意大利共产党的衰亡与重建研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 17:08

本文选题：世界社会主义运动 + 国外马克思主义研究　；参考：《华中师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：意大利共产党作为资本主义国家最大和最有影响力的共产党,在国际共产主义运动中有着重要的历史地位。它在相当长的历史时期内一直是国内的第二大党,在世界反法西斯斗争中作出了杰出贡献,并在意大利人民中拥有很高的威望。在七十年的发展历程中,意大利共产党不仅保持了无产阶级政党光荣的革命传统,而且还以独立自主和富于创新著称于世。在理论上,意共提出了著名的萨勒诺转折、历史性妥协、结构改革论、民主替代、国际共运多中心和欧洲共产主义等一系列思想和理论。在实践中,意共领导人民群众与法西斯主义作斗争,积极参与议会选举活动,努力开展群众性社会运动,不断实践着自身的政治经济文化和社会纲领,不断探索着独具特色的社会主义意大利道路。进入20世纪80年代,随着国际国内形势的变化,意大利共产党面临着严峻的形势。一方面党在各级议会中的选票逐年下降,党员人数不断减少,另一方面党内出现了多个派别,各派之间无休无止的争论严重影响了党的团结。1988年新任总书记奥凯托上台后,在党的革新的名义下,开始了改名易帜的进程。最终在1989年东欧剧变的冲击下,意共面临的诸多困境逐渐演化成生存危机,意大利共产党分裂成左翼民主党和意大利重建共产党。意大利共产党的衰亡是一种合力作用的结果,是由国内国际、党内党外诸多因素导致的结果。其中,意大利阶级结构的新变化,削弱了意共的阶级基础；意共在指导思想和战略策略上的失误,是其衰落的根本原因；福利国家建设和政治民主的发展,影响了社会主义思想的传播；意大利的宗教和政党格局,制约了意共的发展；国际垄断资本的进攻,压缩了意共的活动空间；戈尔巴乔夫新思维和东欧剧变,是其衰亡的重要催化剂。意大利共产党虽然衰亡了,但意大利的社会主义火种并未彻底熄灭。成立于1991年的意大利重建共产党仍然坚持共产党的名称,坚持以马克思主义为指导,在困境中谋求自身的生存和发展。二十多年来,重建共产党在世界社会主义进入低潮的严峻形势下,既能克服生存的挑战又能保持党的活力。重建共产党坚持开展群众斗争,不断调整政策路线。目前,它已经成为意大利甚至是西欧地区较有影响的左翼共产党力量。
[Abstract]:As the largest and most influential Communist Party in capitalist countries, the Communist Party of Italy plays an important historical role in the international communist movement. It has been the second largest party in the country for a long period of time, has made outstanding contributions in the world anti-fascist struggle, and has high prestige among the Italian people. During its seventy years of development, the Communist Party of Italy not only maintained the glorious revolutionary tradition of the proletarian party, but also was famous for its independence and innovation. In theory, the Italian Communist Party put forward a series of ideas and theories, such as the famous Salerno turning point, historical compromise, structural reform theory, democratic substitution, multi-center international communist movement and European communism. In practice, the Italian Communist Party led the people in the struggle against fascism, actively participated in parliamentary elections, worked hard to carry out mass social movements, and continued to practice its own political, economic, cultural, and social programs. We are constantly exploring the unique road of socialist Italy. In the 1980's, with the changes of the international and domestic situation, the Italian Communist Party is facing a severe situation. On the one hand, the party's votes in parliaments at all levels have dropped year by year, and the number of party members has been decreasing. On the other hand, there have been many factions in the party, and endless disputes among the parties have seriously affected the unity of the party. After the new general secretary, Occhetto, came to power in 1988, In the name of the Party's innovation, began the process of changing its name. Eventually, under the shock of the 1989 upheaval in Eastern Europe, the many dilemmas faced by the Italian Communist Party gradually evolved into a survival crisis, and the Italian Communist Party split into the left-wing Democratic Party and the Italian Communist Party for Reconstruction. The fall of the Italian Communist Party is the result of a combination of forces, which is caused by many factors, domestic and international, inner-party and non-Party. Among them, the new changes in the Italian class structure have weakened the class foundation of the Communist Party of Italy; the mistakes in the guiding ideology and strategic strategy of the Communist Party of Italy are the fundamental causes of its decline; the construction of the welfare state and the development of political democracy. It influenced the dissemination of socialist thought; the pattern of religion and political parties in Italy restricted the development of the Communist Party of Italy; the attack of international monopoly capital reduced the space of activity of the Communist Party of Italy; the new thinking of Gorbachev and the upheaval of Eastern Europe, Is an important catalyst for its decline. Although the Communist Party of Italy has fallen, Italy's socialist fire has not been completely extinguished. Founded in 1991, the Reconstruction Communist Party of Italy still insists on the name of the Communist Party, insists on Marxism as the guide, and seeks its own survival and development in the difficult situation. Over the past twenty years, the reconstruction of the Communist Party has not only overcome the challenge of survival but also kept the vitality of the Party under the grim situation of world socialism entering into a low tide. Reconstruction of the Communist Party adhere to carrying out mass struggle, constantly adjust the policy line. It has now become the more influential left-wing communist force in Italy and even in western Europe.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D754.6

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