欧盟干预科索沃民族冲突研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 20:28

本文选题：欧盟 + 科索沃民族冲突　；参考：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：后冷战时期,暴力性民族冲突、民族问题国际化以及国际组织干预民族冲突正逐渐成为世界民族问题研究的新领域。本文运用国际组织干预民族冲突的理论对欧盟干预科索沃民族冲突问题作了深入的实证分析,试图阐明国际组织干预科索沃民族冲突中的欧盟模式以及对于中国的政策启示。本文分析了科索沃民族冲突的成因及过程,以历史、政治、经济、文化、社会、宗教等诸多因素作为成因的分析变量,以1968年作为起始点分三阶段系统阐述了科索沃民族冲突的演变过程,并对科索沃民族冲突国际化的原因作了初步探讨,主要包括科索沃重要的战略位置,民族问题的国际性因素以及国际关系格局的变迁等。在论证完科索沃民族冲突的成因及过程之后,本文引入了国际组织干预民族冲突的理论,构建起欧盟干预科索沃民族冲突的理论基础。以民族冲突、民族冲突干预的概念分析为基础,将过去十分狭窄的干预范围作了适当的延伸,使其包括冲突的预防、过程以及后冲突时期三个阶段,并对国际组织干预民族冲突的原因、进程、形式、特点及其局限性作了深入论证。在构建起国际组织干预民族冲突的理论基础之后,本文选取欧盟干预科索沃民族冲突作为案例研究的对象,通过详尽的案例分析展现了欧盟在介入科索沃民族冲突过程中的轨迹变迁及其因果机制。具体来说,第一,详细分析了欧盟干预科索沃民族冲突的政策,主要包括欧盟共同外交与安全政策、欧洲一体化政策,干预机构及其执行能力,干预机构包括欧盟常设机构以及针对科索沃的专设干预机构,而欧盟的执行能力则是以斯蒂芬·沃夫的三大能力理论为基础,分析了欧盟的行动能力、资金能力与合作协调能力。第二,分析了欧盟干预科索沃民族冲突的方式及目标。方式主要包括政治、外交、经济干预、军事干预等方式,目标则以瑞德的内部目标与外部目标二元统一理论为基础,其中内部目标是以干预者即欧盟自身利益作为其行为目标,而外部目标则以被干预者——科索沃的利益作为行为目标。当然,上述两类目标有其各自的规定性,应该把二者结合起来共同论证欧盟的干预目标体系。第三,分三个阶段系统阐述了欧盟干预方式的演变过程及其变化原因。前期干预以预防为主,所采用的方式主要是以经济制裁、武器禁运、外交谈判与政治调停等低暴力性手段；中期干预以强制使用武力与战后重建的第一阶段为主,所采用的方式主要以武力的使用以及战后人道主义援助、市场经济重建、社会重建、针对少数民族的专项计划以及稳定与结盟进程跟踪机制的实施等；后期干预以战后重建的第二阶段为主,主要包括进一步推动科索沃战后的经济、社会恢复以及科索沃地位、维和与司法建设等问题。第四,以内部目标与外部目标为评价标准对欧盟干预科索沃民族冲突作出了初步的评估,主要体现在内部目标方面,从预防阶段的失败到中期、后期的战后重建取得了一定成效,维护了地区的稳定；外部目标方面,从预防阶段的完全失败到后冲突治理阶段科索沃地区经济社会重建的提速,但科索沃地位问题始终没有得到根本解决,塞阿两族依旧未达成共识。并对其干预的局限性作了进一步的讨论,主要包括欧盟的组织协调能力不强、欧盟标准与当地契合度不高、受到其他大国与联合国的制约以及主权与干预原则张力的影响。在论证完欧盟干预科索沃民族冲突的干预方式及其演变原因之后,本文通过归纳分析了欧盟干预科索沃民族冲突中所具有的自主性、民族性以及对中国的政策启示。具体来说,自主性主要体现在欧盟同其他国际组织、欧洲大国在干预过程中所具有的欧盟特征；民族性主要体现在欧盟干预的动机、政策、目标以及干预方式；政策启示则主要体现在欧盟干预理念、能力与方式上对于中国政策的启示,这既包括能够为我国所用的积极因素,也包括一些必须予以摒弃的消极因素。
[Abstract]:In the post Cold War period, the violent ethnic conflict, the internationalization of national problems and the interference of the international organizations in the ethnic conflict are becoming the new field of the research of the world national problems. This paper makes an empirical analysis on the interference of the European Union on the ethnic conflict in Kosovo by the theory of international organization intervention in ethnic conflict, and tries to clarify the intervention of the international organization. The EU model in ethnic conflicts in Kosovo and its policy implications for China.
This paper analyzes the causes and process of the ethnic conflict in Kosovo, taking many factors as historical, political, economic, cultural, social, and religious as the analysis variables of the causes. The evolution process of the ethnic conflict in Kosovo is expounded in three stages as the starting point in 1968, and the reasons for the internationalization of the Kosovo ethnic conflict are preliminarily discussed. It should include the important strategic position of Kosovo, the international factors of ethnic issues and the change of international relations.
After demonstrating the cause and process of the ethnic conflict in Kosovo, this paper introduces the theory of international organizations to intervene in ethnic conflict and constructs the theoretical basis for the intervention of the ethnic conflict in Kosovo. Based on the concept of ethnic conflict and ethnic conflict intervention, the narrow scope of intervention in the past has been extended to make it package. It includes three stages of conflict prevention, process and post conflict period, and makes an in-depth demonstration of the reasons, processes, forms, characteristics and limitations of international organizations to intervene in ethnic conflict.
After building the theoretical basis for international organizations to intervene in ethnic conflict, this paper selects the EU intervention in Kosovo ethnic conflict as a case study. Through a detailed case analysis, it shows the European Union's trajectory changes and its causal mechanism in the process of intervening in the ethnic conflict in Kosovo. The first is to analyze the EU intervention in detail. The policies of the ethnic conflict in Kosovo include the EU's common foreign and security policies, the European integration policy, the intervention institutions and their implementation capabilities, the intervention agencies including the EU permanent institutions and the special intervention agencies for Kosovo, while the EU's executive ability is based on the three major capabilities theory of ESUs. The EU's operational capability, capital capability and cooperation and coordination capabilities.
Second, the methods and objectives of EU intervention in Kosovo ethnic conflict are analyzed, including political, diplomatic, economic intervention, military intervention, and so on. The goal is based on the unified theory of Reed's internal goals and the external target two yuan, and the internal target is the target of the intervener, the European Union's own interests, and the external target. The target is to target the interests of the intervened people, Kosovo. Of course, these two categories of objectives have their respective prescriptive characteristics, and the two should be combined together to demonstrate the EU's intervention target system.
Third, the evolution process and the reasons for the change of the EU intervention are expounded in the three stages of the system. The primary intervention is mainly prevention. The main methods are the low violence means, such as economic sanctions, arms embargo, diplomatic negotiation and political mediation, and the first stage of the intervention to force the use of force and post-war reconstruction. The main methods used are the use of force and post-war humanitarian assistance, market economy reconstruction, social reconstruction, special plans for ethnic minorities and the implementation of the stabilization and alliance process tracking mechanism. The latter intervention is mainly the second stage of post-war reconstruction, mainly including the further promotion of Kosovo's post-war economy and the social restoration. And Kosovo's status, peacekeeping and judicial construction.
Fourth, taking the internal and external targets as the evaluation criteria, the European Union intervention in Kosovo ethnic conflict was preliminarily evaluated. It was mainly reflected in the internal goals, from the failure of the prevention stage to the middle period, the post war reconstruction achieved certain results, and the stability of the region was maintained; the external target, from the prevention stage, was completely lost. The speed of economic and social reconstruction in the Kosovo region was defeated in the stage of the post conflict governance. However, the status of Kosovo has not been fundamentally solved. The two ethnic groups still have not reached a consensus. The limitations of the intervention are further discussed, including the poor organization and coordination of the European Union, the low union of EU standards and the local agreement. To the constraints of other great powers and the United Nations and the tension between sovereignty and intervention principles.
After demonstrating the EU intervention in the intervention of the ethnic conflict in Kosovo and the reasons for its evolution, this paper analyzes the autonomy, nationality and policy implications of the intervention of the European Union in the ethnic conflict in Kosovo. The characteristics of the European Union in the course of the process are mainly embodied in the motives, policies, objectives and modes of intervention of EU intervention, and the Enlightenment of the policy is mainly reflected in the inspiration of the EU intervention concept, the ability and the way to China's policy, which includes both the accumulating factors that can be used for our country and some negativity that must be abandoned. Factor.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D562

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