塔吉克斯坦“去俄罗斯化”政策进程分析及其反思

发布时间：2018-04-30 08:15

本文选题：塔吉克斯坦 + 去俄罗斯化　；参考：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“去俄罗斯化”是苏联各前加盟共和国为寻求国家与民族独立、摆脱苏联体制、消除苏联历史印迹而从语言方面入手,逐渐扩展到教育、传媒、政治、经济、外交等领域弱化直至完全摒弃俄语的一种国家政策。苏联解体后,各前加盟共和国纷纷独立,但独立后的中亚五国是继续“俄罗斯化”还是“去俄罗斯化”是他们面临的一个重大抉择。为了使本国拥有更大的自主权利,增强本国民众的归属感,中亚五国独立后纷纷开启“去俄罗斯化”模式。塔吉克斯坦独立初期基于国内局势考量,塔政府对“去俄罗斯化”持温和态度,一方面借助俄罗斯力量维持国内政局稳定,争取俄罗斯援助;另一方面积极制定“去俄罗斯化”政策与实施措施。因此,塔吉克斯坦政府在1989年《语言法》中给予了俄语族际交际语的地位,俄语在塔吉克斯坦维持着与塔吉克语并重的状态;2009年,塔吉克斯坦颁布新《语言法》取消了俄语作为族际交际语的地位,这被视为塔吉克斯坦拉开了强势“去俄罗斯化”的序幕,预示着俄语在塔吉克斯坦“失宠”并被强制“边缘化”。本论文正是以此为出发点,以塔吉克斯坦“去俄罗斯化”为研究对象,通过对塔吉克斯坦有关“去俄罗斯化”方面的政府报告、法律法规、政府网站等俄文信息进行提纯,掌握了第一手原始资料,并辅以大量俄语文献和俄语新闻原稿进行翻译整理,力求揭示其强势“去俄罗斯化”的内在动因和外部因素,并预测其“去俄罗斯化”后塔吉克斯坦政治、经济、外交和俄语的发展趋势,并对“去俄罗斯化”产生的效果作出客观评价。通过梳理2009年前后塔吉克斯坦“去俄罗斯化”的发展脉络,得出塔吉克斯坦“去俄罗斯化”是由点及面、由温和到强势发展的特点,但需强调的是:从2012年至今,塔吉克斯坦对俄语的态度又一次开始放缓,“去俄罗斯化”在一定程度上被“暂停”,这与俄塔双方的彼此妥协不无关系,但是,中亚地区的“去俄罗斯化”之路还在继续(2017年4月12日,纳扎尔巴耶夫提出哈萨克字母拉丁化),这对塔吉克斯坦“去俄罗斯化”势必会产生一定的影响。因此,塔吉克斯坦“去俄罗斯化”的发展是一个动态的变化过程,笔者希望通过此次研究为后续以“去俄罗斯化”为研究对象的学者作出有益的尝试。
[Abstract]:In order to seek the independence of the state and nation, to get rid of the Soviet system and to eliminate the historical imprinting of the Soviet Union, the former Soviet republics began from the language and gradually expanded to education, media, politics and economy. Diplomacy and other fields weakened until the complete rejection of the Russian language a national policy. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the former republics became independent one after another, but whether the five Central Asian countries continue to "Russianize" or "de-Russia" after independence is a major choice they face. In order to make their own country have more independent rights and strengthen their people's sense of belonging, the five Central Asian countries began the mode of "de-Russian" after their independence. In the early stage of Tajikistan's independence, considering the domestic situation, the government of Tajikistan took a moderate attitude towards "de-Russian". On the one hand, it relied on Russian forces to maintain domestic political stability and seek Russian assistance. On the other hand, we should actively formulate the policy and implementation measures of "de- Russia". Thus, in the 1989 language Act, the Government of Tajikistan granted the status of an inter-ethnic communication language to the Russian language, which in Tajikistan maintained a state of equal importance with the Tajik language; in 2009, The promulgation of the new language Law in Tajikistan abolished the status of Russian as a language of inter-ethnic communication, which was seen as the prelude to a strong "de-Russian" in Tajikistan. It bodes well for Russian's "disfavor" in Tajikistan and its forced "marginalization". This paper takes this as the starting point, taking Tajikistan as the object of study, through the purification of the government reports, laws and regulations, government websites and other Russian information about the "de-Russian" in Tajikistan. Having grasped the first hand original materials, and supplemented by a large number of Russian documents and Russian news manuscripts, he tried to reveal the internal motivation and external factors of its strong "de-Russian". It also predicts the development trend of Tajikistan's politics, economy, diplomacy and Russian after "de-Russian", and makes an objective evaluation on the effect of "de-Russian". By combing the development of "de-Russian" in Tajikistan before and after 2009, it is concluded that the development of "de-Russian" in Tajikistan is from point and surface, from moderate to strong development, but it should be emphasized that: from 2012 to the present, Tajikistan's attitude towards Russian has once again begun to slow down, and the "de-Russization" has to some extent been "suspended", which has something to do with the compromise between Russia and Tajikistan, but, The "de-Russian" road in Central Asia continues (Nazarbayev proposed the Latinization of the Kazakh alphabet on April 12, 2017, which is bound to have an impact on the "de-Russian" of Tajikistan. Therefore, the development of "denaturalization" in Tajikistan is a dynamic process of change. The author hopes to make a beneficial attempt for the scholars who take "denaturalization" as the object of study through this study.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D736.5

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