选举政治的逻辑——美国反政治正确的归因分析

发布时间：2018-05-01 02:20

本文选题：政治正确 + 反政治正确　；参考：《世界经济与政治》2017年10期

【摘要】：特朗普在2017年弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔事件中的表态引发很大争议,再次在美国掀起政治正确的大辩论。理解特朗普反政治正确的立场,必须将其置于美国选举政治的逻辑中。政治正确议题原本限于美国校园与媒体争论,但在2016年大选中被以特朗普为首的共和党前所未有地选举政治化。美国国家选举研究(ANES)最新数据表明,此次总统大选不仅是生活在中西部乡间小镇的工薪阶层的胜利,也是一场全美反对政治正确的胜利,反政治正确已成为特朗普迎合保守主义阵营支持的重要支点。特朗普强悍的反政治正确立场夯实了其保守选民的基础,但同时也刺激了自由主义阵营的对抗,加剧了当下美国社会的分化。ANES数据也表明,美国社会当前政治正确与反政治正确的对抗主要与意识形态的极化相关,与种族观念、文化多元等价值观相连,而与经济利益、社会阶层等结构性元素基本无涉。这一格局昭示了当前美国民主的困境:政治极化生态中保守与自由阵营的激烈对抗不仅撕裂了美国社会,更打破了美国政治中构筑政治共识、政治妥协的重要传统。
[Abstract]:Trump's comments during the 2017 events in Charlottesville, Va., sparked controversy and another politically correct debate in the United States. Understanding Mr Trump's right anti-political stance must be placed in the logic of American election politics. The issue of political correctness, originally limited to debate with the media on U.S. campuses, was politicized in the 2016 election by the Trump-led Republican party. The latest data from the US National Election Research (ANES) show that this presidential election is not only a victory for the working-class living in rural towns in the Midwest, but also a victory against political correctness in the United States. Anti-political correctness has become an important fulcrum for Mr Trump's appeal to the conservative camp. Trump's tough anti-political correctness has cemented the base of his conservative electorate, but it has also spurred opposition in the liberal camp, adding to the current polarization of American society. ANES data also show that The current confrontation between political correctness and anti-political correctness in American society is mainly related to the polarization of ideology, to the values of race and cultural pluralism, but not to the structural elements such as economic interests and social strata. This pattern reveals the current dilemma of American democracy: the fierce confrontation between the conservative and liberal camps in the political polarization ecology not only tears apart the American society, but also breaks the important tradition of building political consensus and political compromise in American politics.
【作者单位】：南京大学政府管理学院;南京大学—霍普金斯大学中美文化研究中心;
【基金】：南京大学亚太发展研究中心的支持
【分类号】：D771.2

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