英国都铎王朝时期政治恩赐制的演化

发布时间：2018-05-08 16:57

本文选题：政治恩赐制 + 英国　；参考：《探索与争鸣》2013年02期

【摘要】：政治恩赐制是中世纪及近代英国任用官员的主要方式,它表现为君主以恩赐方式将宫廷及政府官职授予其信任的贵族。在都铎王朝之前,由于贵族与君主之间的冲突不断,英国君主在任命官员时缺乏完全的自主权,贵族通过与君主争夺官员的任命权来抗衡君主。都铎王朝建立之后,随着王权的加强,作为恩赐者的君主完全掌握了官员任命权,通过恩赐制吸纳贵族协助其治理国家。与此同时,随着贵族势力的削弱,在宫廷及政府官员的任命权上,贵族的发言权丧失殆尽;这促使贵族官员主动通过恩赐制,将自身利益与国家利益结合,与王权的关系从对抗走向合作。由此,都铎王朝出现了较为稳定的政治局面。
[Abstract]:The system of political gifts was the main way of appointing officials in medieval and modern England. It was manifested in the way that the monarch bestowed the court and the government on the aristocrats whom he trusted. Before the Tudor dynasty, because of the constant conflict between the nobility and the monarch, the British monarch lacked complete autonomy in appointing officials, and the aristocrats fought against the monarch by competing with the monarch for the appointment of the official. After the Tudor Dynasty was established, with the strengthening of Wang Quan, the monarch, as a giver, fully grasped the power of appointing officials and helped him to govern the country through the system of gifts. At the same time, with the weakening of the aristocratic influence, the nobility lost its voice in the appointment of court and government officials, which prompted the nobility officials to take the initiative to combine their own interests with the national interests through the system of gifts. Relations with Wang Quan from confrontation to cooperation. Thus, the Tudor Dynasty appeared a relatively stable political situation.
【作者单位】：南京大学历史系;山东大学(威海)公共外语教学部;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(项目号12YJA770028) 江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(项目号CXZZ12-0025)
【分类号】：K561;D756.1

【共引文献】