“贝塔以色列人”研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 03:39

本文选题：贝塔以色列人 + 埃塞俄比亚　；参考：《外交学院》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：贝塔以色列人是以色列国内的一个特殊群体，他们来自埃塞俄比亚，，自上世纪80年代开始了移民以色列的浪潮，到现在已有近12万贝塔以色列人生活在以色列国内。贝塔以色列人的起源要追溯到所罗门国王时期。自那时起，他们在埃塞俄比亚生存了数千年。残酷的环境并没有使他们丧失自己的犹太属性并且仍然保持着自己的原始信仰、礼仪习俗、生存方式。能够返回“流着奶和蜜的故土”耶路撒冷一直以来都是他们的梦想。上世纪80年代埃塞俄比亚的内战迫使他们离开了故土，前往苏丹边境的难民营，这次远徙也给他们自己创造了一个能够返回以色列的机会，迁徙苏丹的长途跋涉以及他们在苏埃边境难民营中的生活引发了国际社会尤其是犹太人社团对他们的关注。最终在美国、以色列政府、世界犹太社团的帮助下他们得以在摩西行动、所罗门行动中移民以色列。但是以色列的生活并不是一帆风顺，这群长期生存在非洲偏远落后地区的贝塔以色列人如何的去适应以色列现代化、快节奏的社会，是摆在他们面前的最大问题。他们的受教育程度低下、工作技能单一、甚至语言问题都成了他们的障碍，这都是影响他们融入新社会的重要因素。以色列人甚至其他一些移民群体比如前苏联的移民群体，东欧的移民群体都能够在社会地位上高出他们一筹，以色列政府也并没有拿出足够的诚意来对待这群黑皮肤的犹太人，在贝塔以色列问题上采取双重标准。提高贝塔以色列人的社会地位，不仅是以色列政府应当面对的问题，也离不开贝塔以色列人自身素质的提高，包括文化素质、还有工作能力等。最后，本文试图能够从贝塔以色列人问题上探究对埃以双边关系的一些影响，由于缺少相关资料以及作者能力有限，本文只是试图对这一问题也做一些浅显的探讨。
[Abstract]:Beta Israelis are a special group in Israel. They come from Ethiopia and have lived in Israel since the beginning of the wave of settlers in the 1980s. The origin of the Beta Israelites dates back to King Solomon's time. They have lived in Ethiopia for thousands of years since then. The harsh environment did not deprive them of their Jewish identity and still preserved their original beliefs, rituals, and ways of life. It has always been their dream to return to their "land of milk and honey". Ethiopia's civil war in the 1980s forced them to leave their homeland for refugee camps on the Sudanese border, and this exodus also created an opportunity for them to return to Israel. The long journey to Sudan and their lives in refugee camps along the Sueh border have drawn international attention, especially from Jewish communities. Eventually, in the United States, with the help of the Israeli government, the world Jewish community, they were able to emigrate to Israel during Operation Moses, Operation Solomon. But life in Israel has not been easy, and the biggest problem facing them is how this group of Beta Israelis, who have long lived in remote and backward parts of Africa, can adapt to a modern, fast-paced society in Israel. Their low level of education, simple job skills and even language problems are important factors affecting their integration into the new society. Israelis and even other immigrant groups, such as those in the former Soviet Union, the immigrants of Eastern Europe, have been able to outperform them in social status, and the Israeli government has not shown enough sincerity to treat this group of black-skinned Jews. Adopt double standards on the Israeli issue of Beta. To improve the social status of Beta Israelis is not only a problem that the Israeli government should face, but also the improvement of Beta Israelis' own quality, including cultural quality and working ability. Finally, this paper attempts to explore some influences on bilateral relations between Israel and Egypt from the point of view of the Beta Israeli issue. Due to the lack of relevant data and the limited ability of the author, this paper only attempts to make some superficial discussions on this issue.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D738.2

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