超越国界的民主—欧盟民主问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 10:56

本文选题：民主 + 欧洲联盟　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： “民主赤字”和“合法性不足”是20世纪90年代《马斯特里赫特条约》生效后,欧盟逐渐凸显出来的焦点问题。民主是否适用于欧盟这一超越国界的政治组织形式,欧盟受到哪些民主质疑,有哪些解决民主问题的途径,本论文将探讨这三个问题。由于民主和欧盟概念极端复杂,笔者并没有轻易给出定论,而是针对欧盟具有的国际组织、准联邦国家式的超国家实体,以及治理体系三种属性,分别加以考量,进行了全面、综合的剖析,避免呈现给读者看似有力,实则片面的单维图像。在考察中我们发现,运用不同的民主标准考察欧盟不同侧面的属性,“欧盟是否有民主问题,它存在怎样的民主问题”有不同的答案:作为一个国际组织,可以说欧盟不存在民主问题;作为一个准联邦式的超国家政体,同所谓的“成熟民主国家”比起来,它存在较多不足,但有些方面,相比其民主水平并不低;如果我们把欧盟看作一个治理体系,那么尽管它解决问题的能力赋予自己一定程度的民主合法性,但并不能掩盖欧洲公民认同意识薄弱和公民政治观点传导机制不完善的民主缺陷。我们应当意识到,欧盟是一种全新的政治形式,它不是一个国家,所以国家情境中产生的民主模式不能简单移植到欧盟身上,另一方面,它又脱胎于民族国家的联合,所以其民主的发展又不可能完全脱离民族国家的经验。在欧盟政治的实际发展过程中,我们可以发现其中既有西方民主国家传统的代议制民主制度,也有西方民主理论界较新提倡的参与式和协商式民主。由于欧盟的不定性,它现在还没有形成一套成型的民主制度(类似西方民主国家的民主制度),能为自己成功辩护,欧盟仍在探索平衡的民主新形式的道路上前行。
[Abstract]:After the Maastricht Treaty came into force in the 1990s, "democratic deficit" and "lack of legitimacy" became the focus of the EU. Whether democracy is applicable to the EU, which is a form of political organization that transcends national boundaries, what kind of democracy the EU is questioned about and how to solve the democratic problems, this paper will explore these three problems. Because of the extremely complex concept of democracy and the European Union, the author did not easily give a final conclusion. Instead, he considered the three attributes of the European Union, namely, international organizations, quasi-federal supranational entities, and governance systems. Comprehensive analysis to avoid presenting to the reader appears to be powerful, in fact, one-dimensional image. During the inspection, we found that applying different democratic standards to examine the attributes of different aspects of the EU, "does the EU have a democratic problem and what kind of democratic problem does it have" has different answers: as an international organization, It can be said that there is no democratic problem in the European Union, as a quasi-federal supranational government, it has more shortcomings than the so-called "mature democracy", but in some aspects, it is not lower than its democratic level. If we think of the EU as a system of governance, then even though its ability to solve problems gives itself a degree of democratic legitimacy, However, it can not conceal the democratic defects of European citizens' weak identity consciousness and imperfect transmission mechanism of citizens' political views. We should realize that the EU is a completely new political form, it is not a country, so the democratic model that emerges from the national context cannot be simply transplanted to the EU. On the other hand, it is born out of the union of nation-states. Therefore, its democratic development can not be completely divorced from the experience of nation-state. In the course of the political development of EU, we can find that there are both the traditional representative democracy in the western democracy countries and the participatory and consultative democracy advocated by the western democratic theorists. Because of the EU's uncertainty, it has yet to form a formalised democracy (similar to that of Western democracies that defends its success, and the EU is still on its way to exploring new forms of balanced democracy.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D75

【引证文献】