经济全球化与东方落后国家社会主义道路

发布时间：2018-05-18 11:24

本文选题：交往 + 生产力　；参考：《复旦大学》2004年博士论文

【摘要】：经济全球化与东方落后国家社会主义道路的关系问题是当代社会最重大的理论与实践课题。针对这一课题，本论文试根据马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”的重要思想，结合东方落后国家社会主义道路的实际，尤其是，结合中国特色社会主义的实际，观察和思考经济全球化的历史起源、发展过程、本质特征和未来趋势，提出自己的看法，旨在论证东方落后国家社会主义道路在全球化的历史条件下存在和发展之现实的可能性和伟大的意义。经济全球化在实质上是交往方式一体化过程，是人类发展生产力和扩大交往而展开的现实的历史过程。马克思指出，真正的历史过程必然是统一性与多样性的结合。因此，一方面，全球化是人类文明共同参与奠基和创造的历史过程；另一方面，人类不同文明、民族或国家参与这一过程的途径或方式又是迥然相异的。围绕全球化与东方社会主义的关系问题，马克思、恩格斯、列宁、邓小平等几代伟人进行了长达一个多世纪的艰苦卓绝的思考和探索，实现了理论和实践上的一次又一次“飞跃”。东方社会主义道路实质上是东方落后国家的人民，在革命导师的思想影响下、在全球化的条件下所选择的一条符合东方国情的发展生产力和扩大交往的途径。通过这一途径，东方人民积极应对西方列强剥削与压迫的挑战，抓住历史机遇、争取政治上的独立自主与经济上的繁荣富强，创造性地参与全球化、打破西方资本主义单极主导的格局，变被动为主动。现实的全球化从起源上来说是西方资本主义所开启的。资本对剩余价值的追逐导致了资本主义的兴起、世界市场的开辟和全球化的凸显。以市场经济为特征的资本主义生产方式在发展生产力和扩大交往方面超越了以自然经济为特征的亚细亚生产方式。随着资本主义主导全球化的发展，亚细亚文明逐渐衰落、东方国家由先进变落后、东方落后国家在全球化过程中陷于被动。资本主义全球化是以血与火的文字载入人类编年史的过程。资本主义自身固有的难以克服的矛盾——生产的社会化乃至全球化与产品的私有化，随着全球化而不断外化，由此激起了全球范围的社会主义运动和思潮的兴起。马克思恩格斯创立的科学社会主义理论就是要证明，共产主义全球化必将替代资本主义全球化。共产主义实质上是对资本主义的扬弃和对全球化的继承，从而在全球真正实现社会生产力和人类交往的高度发展。马克思恩格斯的全球化视角无疑是宏观的。他们于晚年从西方发达国家社会主义道路转向东方落后国家社会主义道路的探索。带有国有制基因的东方亚细亚生产方式与资本主义私有制存在着天然的对抗性而与社会主义公有制之间却存在相似性。东方落后国家是否能够不通过资本主义制度而直接走上社会主义道路，即东方落后国家如何跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”，是马克思恩格斯晚年倾注大量心血所思考的课题。马克思曾预言东方落后国家能够走上社会主义道路，但前提条件是东西方革命互补，也就是说，通过全球化。一方面，资本主义在东方落后国家与社会主义道路之间劈开一道“卡夫丁峡谷”;另一方面，全球化可能在两者之间架起一座桥梁。然而，随着资本主义的发展变化，东西方革命的互补性日渐渺茫，在此意义上，恩格斯于马克思之后忠告东方人民不要贸然投入“国家社会主义”。二十世纪初资本主义的矛盾激化使一些东方落后国家的人民抓住了全球化所提供的历史机遇，相继走上社会主义道路。列宁晚年、毛泽东早年所思考的东方社会主义道路无疑包含经济全球化的维度。他们已认识到，在全球化的大背景下东方社会主义道路是可能的，但又是长期的和曲折的。换言之，经济全球化与东方落后国家社会主义道路之间的关系必然是辩证统一的。然而，“左”倾建国思路从“非此即彼”的形而上学观点出发，一方面把全球化等同于资本主义生产方式一体化而加以拒绝;另一方面追求纯而又纯的社会主义而否认改革开放的必要性。在这种“左”倾思潮的影响下，传统社会主义国家逐渐背离了马克思恩格斯晚年、列宁晚年、毛泽东早年关于东方社会主义道路的思考，从而脱离了全球化的大趋势，于二十世纪末叶相继出现了衰退。邓小平于二十世纪80年代在总结全球化与东方古代文明、与东方落后国家，特别是，与传统社会主义之间的历史经验教训的基础上，毅然决然在中华大地实行全面的改革开放，积极主动地参与全球化，最终形成中国特色社会主义理论。这一理论的主旨是，初级阶段社会主义在全球化“历史环境”下为了实现解放和发展生产力、消灭剥削、消除两极分化、最终达到共同富裕的宏伟目标，必须对内全面改革，以完善社会主义政治、经济、文化体制;对外全面开放，吸收资本主义的一切肯定成果，包括科学技术、市场经济、股份制、政治文明等等，为人类早日实现共产主义全球化做出较大贡献。二十多年来，中国改革开放的实践取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就，以无可争辩的事实证明中国特色社会主义理论的正确性和生命力。人类历史了进入二十一世纪。经济全球化
[Abstract]:On the basis of Marxism - Leninism , Mao Zedong Thought , Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of " Three Represents " , this paper tries to discuss the historical origin , the development process , the essential characteristics and the future trend of the globalization of the economy in the light of Marxism - Leninism , Mao Zedong Thought , Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of " Three Represents " .

Economic globalization is essentially a process of integration , which is the historical process of human development productivity and expansion . Marx pointed out that the real historical process must be the combination of unity and diversity . Therefore , on the one hand , globalization is the historical process of the common participation of human civilization in the foundation and creation .
On the other hand , the way or way of the participation of different civilizations , nations or countries in the process of globalization is quite different . In this way , the oriental people actively deal with the challenges of the exploitation and oppression of the West , seize the historical opportunity , strive for political independence and economic prosperity , creatively participate in the globalization , break the pattern of the unipolar dominance of western capitalism , and become active .

The globalization of capitalism is the process of capitalist production , the opening of the world market and the emergence of globalization .

Marx and Engels ' globalization angle of view is no doubt macro . They turned from the socialist road of western developed countries to the exploration of the socialist road in the east after the late years .

Marx predicted that the backward countries of the East could embark on the socialist road .

But the prerequisite is the complement of the Eastern and Western revolutions , that is to say , through globalization . On the one hand , capitalism is in the east

A " Kavut Canyon " is split between the backward country and the socialist road ; on the other hand , globalization can

A bridge can be built between the two . However , with the development of capitalism , the relationship between the East and West revolutions

In this sense , Engels advised the Oriental people not to invest in the country after Marx In the early twentieth century , the contradiction between capitalism has caught the people of some countries that have fallen behind the country

The historical opportunities offered by globalization have successively embarked on the socialist road . Lenin ' s late years , Mao Zedong ' s early years

The thought East socialist road undoubtedly contains the dimensions of economic globalization . They have realized that in the globalization

The east socialist road is possible under the big background , but it is long - term and tortuous . In other words , the economy

The relationship between globalization and the socialist road of backward countries must be dialectical unity .

However , the idea of " Left " tipping is from the metaphysics point of view of " non - existence " , on the one hand ,

To be rejected by integration of capitalist production ; on the other hand , the pursuit of pure and pure society

To deny the necessity of reform and opening up , under the influence of this " Left " trend of thought , traditional socialist countries

The family gradually deviated from Marx and Engels ' later years , Lenin ' s later years , Mao Zedong ' s early years on the east socialism road

By the end of the twentieth century , there has been a recession in the end of the twentieth century . Deng Xiaoping

in that 1980 s of the twentieth century , in sum up globalization and oriental ancient civilization , with the backward countries of the east , in particular ,

On the basis of the historical experiences and lessons between traditional socialism , it is determined to be comprehensive in China

Opening up and opening up , actively participating in the globalization , finally forming the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics .

The main purpose of socialism in primary stage is to realize liberation and development under the " historical environment " of globalization

Force , eliminate exploitation , eliminate polarization , and finally achieve the grand goal of common prosperity , we must reform

In order to improve the socialist political , economic and cultural institutions , open up and absorb capitalism

The positive results , including science and technology , market economy , joint stock system , political civilization and so on , are at an early date for mankind

We have made great contributions to the globalization of communism . For more than 20 years , the practice of China ' s reform and opening - up has come to the world

The great achievements of China have proved the correctness and life of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics

Force .

Human history has entered the twenty - first century . Economic globalization
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D501

【引证文献】