论英国自由党的兴衰与启示

发布时间：2018-05-19 22:15

本文选题：政党政治 + 自由党　；参考：《中共中央党校》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：随着人类政治文明的发展，我们已经进入政党政治时代。所谓政党政治时代，有两个标志：一是政党的存在与发展是各国的普遍现象；二是世界上的绝大多数国家是依靠政党执掌国家政权来治理国家的。由此，政党成为国家和社会生活中不可或缺的角色，成为连接国家与社会的桥梁和纽带。对执政党而言，其建设的好坏既关系到它治国理政的成败，又关乎到自身的兴衰沉浮。英国自由党作为一个有着悠久历史的老牌资本主义政党，其发展的历史，就是一部兴衰成败，跌宕起伏的曲折史，它的经验教训对于世界其它政党，特别是执政党的建设有十分重要的启示意义。从世界政党发展的诸多个案中，，我们可以看到，影响政党发展的因素是复杂的。但总体可以概括为内部和外部因素。从外部因素来看，一个国家或地区的经济发展、以及社会发展等方面的因素会对政党的发展走向产生重要的影响。但相比之下，决定一个政党兴衰成败的因素往往是内部因素，尤其对于执政党来说更是如此。从内部因素看，首先，影响政党兴衰的一个重要因素是政党的意识形态，既包括意识形态的选择，也包括对待意识形态的态度，意识形态决定着一个政党的群众基础和社会基础；其次，是政党自身的组织建设，尤其是自身的民主建设以及党的团结，这是一个政党得以蓬勃发展的重要保障，无论是分裂还是内斗都会使一个政党垮台，英国自由党的衰落恰恰说明了这一点；再次，是政党所制定的路线方针政策，能否促进经济发展和人民生活水平的不断提高。发展经济与改善民生的能力，不仅是关乎一个政党执政根基是否稳固的问题，也是关乎一个政党的前途与命运的重大问题。从英国自由党发展的历程来看，其兴盛离不开一定的时代背景与社会基础，如工业革命对社会阶级结构的影响、光荣革命对王权与议会关系的调整、自由主义思潮在英国社会中的日益盛行等等。同时，也离不开党的自身建设和适应性调整。同样，自由党的衰败也与大的时代背景息息相关，如经济萧条、国家干预增强等等。但从根本上看，自由党的衰败主要在于其党内高层的几次分裂，尤其是在爱尔兰自治问题上发生的高层分裂导致了英国自由党元气大伤，而日渐走向没落。当然，其它因素也直接或间接地影响了英国自由党的发展，如第一次世界大战的冲击以及英国工党的异军突起等等。近年来，英国自由党开始呈现逐步复兴的迹象，尤其是通过与保守党联合执政，进而重新在政坛崭露头角。但自由党能走多远，能否再度走向辉煌，还有待时间的检验。英国自由党兴衰起伏的历史经验，对于我们党的建设具有重要的启示：第一，政党的发展必须要顺应社会时代的发展要求，要能够及时提出适应时代的新政策、新主张，解决问题，化解矛盾，才能赢得群众的支持；第二，一个政党必须有一套严格的、执行力强的组织纪律，才能在关键时刻使一个政党确保党内高度的团结和统一；第三，加强党的意识形态建设，充分认识到思想上建党的重要性；第四，抓经济、促民生是政党长期兴盛的根本保障。本论文主要分七个部分：引言主要对论文的研究意义、研究方法、国内外研究现状以及研究思路和创新点等问题进行了简要阐释和介绍；第一章主要涉及了有关政党兴衰的相关基础理论；第二章对自由党的历史发展作了纵向的追溯和考察；第三章对自由党兴盛的主要原因进行了较为深入和细致地剖析；第四章探究了自由党由盛转衰的根源；第五章对自由党复兴的迹象及其成因作了分析、归纳；第六章主要揭示了自由党兴衰对我们党的建设的重要启示。
[Abstract]:With the development of human political civilization, we have entered the era of political party politics. The so-called party political era has two signs: first, the existence and development of political parties are common phenomena in all countries; the two is that the vast majority of the countries in the world rely on political parties to govern the country. Thus, political parties become state and social life. For the party in power, its construction is not only related to the success or failure of its governance, but also to its prosperity and decline. As a veteran capitalist political party with a long history, the history of the development of the British Liberal Party is the success or failure of the rise and fall of the party. Ups and downs of history, its experience and lessons for other political parties in the world, especially the construction of the ruling party has a very important inspiration.
From the various cases of the development of the political parties in the world, we can see that the factors affecting the development of political parties are complex, but the overall situation can be summed up as internal and external factors. From the external factors, the economic development and social development of a country or region will have an important influence on the development trend of the party. The factors that determine the success or failure of a political party are often internal factors, especially for the party in power. From the internal factors, first, an important factor affecting the rise and fall of the party is the political party's ideology, including the ideological choice, the attitude to the ideology, and the ideological decision of a political party. Secondly, the organization and construction of the party itself, especially its own democratic construction and the unity of the party, is an important guarantee for a political party to flourish. Whether it is split or internal fight will make a political party collapse, the decline of the British Liberal Party precisely illustrates this point; again, it is a political party. It is not only a matter of whether the ruling foundation of a political party is stable, but also a major issue of the future and fate of a political party, whether it can promote economic development and the continuous improvement of the people's living standard.
From the course of the development of the British Liberal Party, its prosperity can not be separated from a certain background of the times and social foundation, such as the influence of the industrial revolution on the social class structure, the adjustment of the relationship between the royal power and the parliament by the glorious revolution, the increasing prevalence of liberalism in the British society and so on. At the same time, it is inseparable from the self construction and adaptability of the party. All the same, the decline of the Liberal Party is also closely related to the background of the great times, such as the depression, the enhancement of state intervention, etc. but fundamentally, the decline of the Liberal Party is mainly due to several divisions at the top of the party, especially the high rise split in the Irish autonomy, which has led to the great loss of the British Liberal Party. Of course, other factors also affected the development of the British Liberal party directly or indirectly, such as the impact of World War I and the sudden rise of the British Labour Party. In recent years, the British Liberal Party began to show signs of gradual revival, especially through the joint administration with the conservative party, and then again in the political arena. How far we can go and whether we can go to glory again remains to be tested by time.
The historical experience of the rise and fall of the British Liberal Party has an important inspiration for the construction of our party. First, the development of the party must conform to the requirements of the social development, and it will be able to win the support of the masses by adapting to the new policies, new ideas, solving problems and resolving contradictions in time; the second, first parties must have one Strict and strong organizational discipline can make a party ensure the unity and unity of the party at the critical moment; third, strengthen the party's ideological construction, fully realize the importance of the Ideological Party building; fourth, the economy, the promotion of the people's livelihood is the fundamental guarantee for the long-term prosperity of the party.
This thesis is mainly divided into seven parts: the introduction is a brief explanation and introduction to the significance of the research, the research method, the current situation at home and abroad and the research ideas and innovation points. The first chapter mainly deals with the relevant basic theories about the rise and fall of political parties, and the second chapter traces the historical development of the Liberal Party in a longitudinal way. The third chapter makes a thorough and detailed analysis of the main reasons for the prosperity of the Liberal Party; the fourth chapter explores the root of the Liberal Party's decline from prosperity; the fifth chapter analyses the signs and causes of the Liberal Party's revival, and the sixth chapter mainly reveals the important enlightenment of the free party's prosperity and decline to the construction of our party.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D756.1

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