俄罗斯联邦共产党的理论观点研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 22:34

本文选题：俄共 + 反思　；参考：《南开大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：俄罗斯联邦共产党至今已走过20多年的风雨历程，始终坚持马克思列宁主义指导思想不动摇、坚持社会主义奋斗目标不动摇。笔者认为，从目前情况看，该党至少具备这样六重身份，即苏共最大的继承者，前苏地区最大的共产主义政党，俄罗斯最大的共产主义政党，俄罗斯最大的反对派，，俄罗斯政坛第二大党，俄罗斯社会基础最稳定、纲领最完备和组织机构最健全的政党。以往国内对该党的研究侧重于发展历程、议会活动、机遇与挑战、发展走向等问题。本论文主要研究该党的理论观点，即对苏联社会主义、俄罗斯现实资本主义、21世纪社会主义等问题的认识，可以分别用“反思”、“批判”、“展望”加以概括。同时应该指出，俄罗斯联邦共产党作为现政权的反对派，其某些理论观点难免激进和偏颇。为了秉持本文研究的原本性，笔者保留了相关原始资料的激进风格。全文基本内容分述如下：在反思苏联社会主义方面，俄罗斯联邦共产党认为在苏联建立了早期社会主义，它具备社会主义制度的基本特征，尽管这些特征还没有充分发展。苏联社会主义曾经取得诸多具有世界历史意义的、改变世界历史进程的巨大成就，这些都是无容置疑和不能被忘记的历史事实。同时，这些成就更是社会主义优越性的鲜明体现。至于苏联社会主义失败的原因，该党注重从执政党自身出现的严重问题、戈尔巴乔夫的叛变改革、西方的长期和平演变等几个方面加以阐释。该党强调，在苏联并不是作为社会制度的社会主义的失败，而是其早期形式的失败。在批判俄罗斯现实资本主义方面，俄罗斯联邦共产党不是用空洞的言语进行批判，而是通过解体20年来，国家在各方面的实际情况进行具体分析，对资本主义制度进行控诉。俄罗斯联邦共产党对资本主义的批判，是多角度的。本文主要梳理考察了该党从经济、政治、社会和国防四个方面对俄罗斯现实资本主义的无情批判。最终，俄罗斯联邦共产党断定，在俄罗斯资本主义的复辟是一场惨重的民族灾难，当前国内社会矛盾极其尖锐，处在革命前阶段。在展望21世纪社会主义方面，俄罗斯联邦共产党经过多年的理论探索，在2008年通过的新版党纲中形成自己对社会主义的本质性认识，并提出以建立“21世纪革新社会主义”为奋斗目标，也就是为建立面向未来的、考虑到苏联社会主义经验和教训的、适应现实要求的社会主义而奋斗。在实现社会主义的道路上，俄罗斯联邦共产党基本选择了和平途径。该党主张通过民主选举上台执政，然后组建由爱国力量组成的人民信任的政府。再经过“维稳”、“过渡”、“建制”三个阶段，最终在俄罗斯建立起社会主义制度。理论创新是俄罗斯联邦共产党振兴的突破口。当前它的理论创新尚处于初始阶段，但其理论成果值得我们跟踪研究。
[Abstract]:The Communist Party of the Russian Federation has gone through more than 20 years of stormy history, and has always adhered to the guiding ideology of Marxism-Leninism and the goal of socialist struggle. The author believes that, judging from the current situation, the party has at least such a six-fold identity, that is, the biggest successor to the Soviet Communist Party, the largest communist party in the former Soviet Union region, and the largest opposition in Russia. The second largest party in Russian politics, the party with the most stable social foundation, the most complete program and the most well-organized political party. In the past, researches on the party focused on the course of development, parliamentary activities, opportunities and challenges, development trend and so on. This paper mainly studies the theoretical viewpoint of the party, that is, the understanding of Soviet socialism and Russian real capitalism and socialism in the 21st century, which can be summed up by "reflection", "criticism" and "outlook" respectively. At the same time, it should be pointed out that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, as the opposition of the current regime, is inevitably radical and biased in some theoretical views. In order to uphold the original nature of this study, the author retains the radical style of the relevant original materials. The basic contents of the paper are as follows: In reflecting on the socialism of the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation believed that the early socialism was established in the Soviet Union, and it possessed the basic characteristics of the socialist system, although these characteristics have not been fully developed. Soviet socialism has made a lot of great achievements in changing the course of world history, which are indisputable and unforgettable historical facts. At the same time, these achievements are a clear manifestation of the superiority of socialism. As for the causes of the failure of Soviet socialism, the party pays attention to explain from the serious problems of the ruling party itself, Gorbachev's renegade reform, the long-term peaceful evolution of the West and so on. The party stressed that in the Soviet Union it was not a failure of socialism as a social system, but a failure of its early forms. In criticizing Russian real capitalism, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation does not criticize it with empty words, but through the concrete analysis of the actual conditions of the state in various aspects over the past 20 years of disintegration, it accuses the capitalist system. The Russian Communist Party's critique of capitalism is multifaceted. This paper reviews the party's ruthless criticism of Russian reality capitalism from four aspects: economy, politics, society and national defense. In the end, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation concluded that the restoration of capitalism in Russia was a disastrous national disaster, and that the current domestic social contradictions were extremely acute and in the pre-revolutionary stage. In the aspect of looking forward to socialism in the 21st century, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, after many years of theoretical exploration, formed its own understanding of the essence of socialism in the new version of the party program adopted in 2008. It also puts forward the goal of building "innovative socialism in the 21st century", that is, to build socialism that is oriented to the future, taking into account the experience and lessons of Soviet socialism, and adapting to the requirements of reality. On the road to socialism, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation basically chose a peaceful approach. The party advocates a democratically elected government, followed by a trusted government made up of patriotic forces. After three stages of stability, transition and establishment, the socialist system was finally established in Russia. Theoretical innovation is the breakthrough of the revitalization of the Communist Party of Russia. At present, its theoretical innovation is still in its initial stage, but its theoretical results are worth our following study.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D751.2

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