中俄体制转轨中的政府职能比较

发布时间：2018-05-28 07:29

本文选题：中国 + 俄罗斯　；参考：《山东师范大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：体制转轨就是从计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨。经济转轨国家处于计划经济与市场经济之间的一个过渡阶段,这些国家的政府职能既不同于传统计划经济下的政府,也不同于发达市场下的政府。这就需要对政府的职能作一个明确的界定。但是对于这一问题,无论是东方经济理论还是西方经济理论都没有提供现成的答案,因此对经济转轨中政府职能的重新界定与研究是一个有可能突破传统认识的全新课题,具有重要的理论意义。作为两个以建立市场经济为改革取向的发展中大国,中国和俄罗斯先后走上了体制转轨之路。所不同的是,中俄两国选择了不同的改革路径,即渐进与激进改革之路。在其中,政府扮演了不同的角色。路径不同、政府职能的差异,导致了完全不同的改革绩效。因此,选取中俄体制转轨中的政府进行比较和研究,从中总结出规律性的东西,可以为处于转轨中的国家提供一定的借鉴,具有重要的现实意义。俄罗斯的体制转轨采取了激进的“休克疗法”,打破传统的高度集中的计划经济体制,希望在“一夜之间”建成市场经济体制,让市场代替计划成为配置资源的基础力量;与之相适应,认定政府离经济越远越好,让市场完全替代政府。改革的实践证明激进的自由化改革具有强烈的浪漫主义色彩,巨大的挫折使得俄罗斯后期的改革更加注重市场经济下的国家控制与政府调控。相反,中国的体制转轨采取了渐进的方式,从传统计划体制最薄弱的环节入手,逐渐打破、改变旧的体制。政府逐步地下放、缩小权限,给市场的发展以更大的空间;同时,积极地培育市场,塑造微观经济主体,完善市场体系与市场机制,从而实现政府职能转换,把市场调节与政府调控有机结合起来。通过对中俄政府在改革中的具体职能的比较可以看出,虽然中俄有着大致相同的体制背景,但由于其改革目标、改革路径以及改革理论依据的不同,两国政府在转轨中具有不同的职能。中俄政府职能演变的实践证明:对政府职能的界定应根据本国的国情,体制转轨中的政府必须是一个有效政府,同时也应该是一个强政府。为此,必须转变政府职能,对政府自身进行改革。经济转轨,从政府职能的视角看,就是从计划经济下的全能型政府向市场经济下
[Abstract]:The system transition is from planned economy system to market economy system. Economic transition countries are in a transitional stage between planned economy and market economy. The government functions of these countries are not only different from those under the traditional planned economy, but also different from those under the developed market. This needs to make a clear definition of the functions of the government. However, there is no ready-made answer to this question either in the Eastern Economic Theory or in the Western Economic Theory. Therefore, the redefinition and study of government functions in the course of economic transition is a new topic which may break through the traditional understanding. It has important theoretical significance. As two developing countries with the reform orientation of establishing market economy, China and Russia have embarked on the road of system transition. The difference is that China and Russia choose a different path of reform, that is, gradual and radical reform path. Among them, the government has played a different role. Different paths and different government functions lead to completely different reform performance. Therefore, selecting the governments in the system transition of China and Russia to compare and study, sum up the regular things, can provide a certain reference for the countries in transition, which has important practical significance. The Russian system has adopted radical "shock therapy" to break the traditional highly centralized planned economy system, hoping to build the market economy system "overnight" and let the market replace the plan as the basic force of allocating resources. In keeping with this, decide that the government is as far from the economy as possible, and let the market completely replace the government. The practice of reform proves that the radical liberalized reform has a strong romanticism, and the great setback makes Russia pay more attention to the state control and government regulation under the market economy. On the contrary, China's institutional transition has adopted a gradual approach, starting with the weakest links of the traditional planning system, gradually breaking down and changing the old system. At the same time, the government should actively cultivate the market, shape the microeconomic main body, perfect the market system and market mechanism, so as to realize the transformation of government functions. Combine market regulation with government regulation. By comparing the specific functions of the Chinese and Russian governments in the reform, we can see that although China and Russia have roughly the same institutional background, they have different reform objectives, paths and theoretical bases. The two governments have different functions in the transition. The practice of the evolution of government functions in China and Russia has proved that the definition of government functions should be based on the national conditions, and the government in the system transition must be an effective government and a strong government at the same time. Therefore, must transform the government function, carries on the reform to the government itself. Economic transition, from the perspective of government functions, is from the planned economy to the all-purpose government to the market economy.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D523

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