冷战时期美国的国家安全与国内民主

发布时间：2018-05-30 22:37

本文选题：美国国家安全 + 美国国家安全观　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2001年博士论文

【摘要】： 本文论述冷战时期美国的国家安全与国内民主的关系。作者在理解美国国家安全、国家安全观、及美国民主等概念的基础上，通过论述冷战时期三个不同阶段美国国家安全与国内民主的关系，得出有关结论。本文前言概述该论文的意义。第一章提出有关概念及分析框架。作者从影响美国国家安全的三个因素(国家生存、大国地位和意识形态)出发来界定美国的国家安全；本章在提出国家安全概念的基础上，重点论述影响美国国家安全观形成的因素(国际环境、政治文化和国内舆论在对外政策观念上的一致程度)。作者在理解美国民主时，重点放住保障美国民主的政治制度及有利于美国民主的条件方面。本文的分析框架以国家安全观及其形成因素为主线，分别讨论冷战时期三个不同阶段美国国家安全与国内民主的关系。第二章论述冷战初期美国国家安全与国内民主的关系。这一时期的美国国家安全观视苏联及其共产主义意识形态为关国安全的最大威胁，主张采取一切手段，，动员全部资源对付此威胁。这种国家安全观的形成受当时美国的实力地位及美同国内政治文化和国内舆论在对外政策观念上的一致程度的影响。在这种国家安全观的影响下，美国历史上第一次在和平时期建立起庞大的国家安全机构，国家安全至上的观念影响美国国内政治、经济和社会生活的各方面。国家安全的需要压倒民主要求。冷战初期美同国内的反共反民主潮流及麦卡锡主义是国家安全需要压倒民主要求的具体体现。第三章论述60年代末和70年代关国国家安全与国内民丰的关系。这一时期影响美国国家安全现形成的因素发生变化。美国实力地位相对衰落；越南战争使美国对其政治文化中有关自己在世界上的地位的种种假设产生怀疑，国内舆论在对外政策观念上的一致程度瓦解。尽管这时的美国仍视苏联为其国家安全的威胁，但上述变化使得美国国内在苏联威胁的程度及美国采取的应对措施方面逐渐出现不一致。国会、法院和新闻界对冷战初期以来以国家安全为名逐步集中权力的“帝王般总统”发起反击，民主要求上升。水门事件既是“帝王般总统”发展的极致，也表明在美国国家安全与国内民主的关系中民主制度又开始发挥其应有的作用。第四章论述80年代美国国家安全与国内民主的关系。受国际环境及盛行于这一时期的保守主义思潮影响，美国在看待苏联威胁时重新强调后者的共产主义意识形态，主张以实力为后盾，全面对抗苏联。但是美国的国内环境己发生很大变化，经过70年代的改革，国会以更加有力的姿态挑战总统和行政部门在国家安全领域的特权。国家安全需要与民主要求的矛盾在这一时期表现得特别激烈。伊朗门事件是这种矛盾的突出反映。本文的结论部分在总结冷战时期美国国家安全与国内民主关系的基础上，勾勒出冷战后刚代两者关系的大致轮廓。
[Abstract]:This article deals with the relationship between American national security and domestic democracy during the cold war.
On the basis of the concept of family security and the concept of American democracy, the article discusses the three stages of the US national security in the Cold War era.
The relationship between democracy in the country and the relevant conclusions are drawn.
The preface of this paper gives an overview of the significance of the paper.
The first chapter puts forward the concepts and analysis framework. The author from the three factors affecting national security in the United States (national survival,
Based on the concept of national security, this chapter sets out to define the national security of the United States.
Focuses on the factors affecting the formation of the national security concept in the United States (international environment, political culture and domestic opinion) in the view of foreign policy.
In understanding democracy in the United States, the author focuses on the political system that safeguards democracy in the United States and its benefits to the United States.
On the condition of democracy in China, the analysis framework of this article takes the national security concept and its forming factors as the main thread, and discusses the cold war time respectively.
The relationship between American national security and domestic democracy at three different stages.
The second chapter discusses the relationship between American national security and domestic democracy in the early cold war.
The Soviet Union and its communist ideology are the greatest threat to the security of the country, and advocate all means to mobilize all resources.
This national security concept was shaped by the strength and beauty of the United States and the domestic political culture and domestic opinion at that time.
The influence of the degree of consistency in the concept of foreign policy is the first time in the history of the United States under the influence of this national security concept.
In peacetime, the establishment of a huge national security agency, the concept of national security supremacy affects the domestic politics, economy and society of the United States.
The need for national security overcame democratic demands. In the early cold war, the trend of anti Communist and anti democratic trends in the United States and in the early days of the cold war and
Mccarthy doctrine is a concrete manifestation of the need for national security to override democratic demands.
The third chapter discusses the relationship between national security and civil and Fung - ing in the late 60s and 70s.
The factors of national security are changing. The strength of the United States is relatively declining. The Vietnam War made the United States its political culture.
Doubts about the assumption of their status in the world and the consistency of domestic public opinion in the concept of foreign policy
Although the United States still viewed the Soviet Union as a threat to its national security, the changes made the Soviet Union in the United States.
The extent of the threat and the measures adopted by the United States gradually disagreed.
The "emperor like President", who has gradually concentrated power under the name of national security, has launched a counter attack, and democracy has demanded an increase.
It is the ultimate development of the "imperial president". It also shows that in the relationship between national security and democracy in the United States, the democratic system is also open.
Begin to play its due role.
The fourth chapter deals with the relationship between American national security and domestic democracy in 80s.
In the view of the conservative ideology, the United States emphasized the latter's communist ideology while looking at the threat of the Soviet Union.
The United States' domestic environment has undergone great changes. After the reform in 70s, the United States' domestic environment has changed greatly.
It will challenge the presidential and executive's privileges in the field of national security in a more forceful manner.
The contradiction of seeking was particularly intense during this period. The Iran gate incident is a prominent reflection of this contradiction.
The conclusion of this paper outlines the cold war on the basis of summing up the relationship between us national security and domestic democracy in the Cold War era.
The general outline of the relationship between the latter two.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：D771.2

【引证文献】