从拒斥到合作—安全视角下的欧盟对俄罗斯的认知（1991-2010年）

发布时间：2018-06-06 14:45

本文选题：欧盟 + 俄罗斯　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文探讨的是冷战之后欧盟对俄罗斯认知的变化以及欧俄在安全领域从拒斥到合作的过程,有两个主要因素影响着欧洲对俄罗斯的认知,就是欧洲早已形成的对俄罗斯的恐惧之心和现实欧洲安全对俄罗斯的需要。认真分欧盟与俄罗斯在安全领域的合作进展,不难发现,一方面,欧洲长期以来形成的对于“异族”——俄罗斯的恐惧之心牵制着欧盟和俄罗斯的合作形势；另一方面,欧盟试图建立新型的欧洲安全机制的需要,俄罗斯在传统和非传统军事力量的强大和逐渐发展,是欧盟发展安全机制的强有力的助手。这两个方面因素一直在影响着欧盟对俄罗斯的认知,两个因素的较力使得欧盟对俄罗斯的合作呈现出渐变的状态。这篇文章就以这两个因素的此消彼长为立足点,来分析欧盟对俄罗斯的认知的变化。欧盟在恐惧与需要中纠结,但是随着现实需要的迫不得已,欧盟渐渐对俄罗斯展开了双臂,但是同时双方也都清楚,欧盟对于俄罗斯还是有所保留的。欧盟对俄罗斯的认知伴随着双方在安全的等方面的合作,也慢慢发生着改变,俄罗斯从防范的“异类”,逐渐变成“借力”的好街坊,更又进一步成为需要与之进行“有限合作”的好伙伴。那么在将来的时间里,欧盟对于俄罗斯的认知会不会走向“优先合作”的伙伴,就要看欧洲对俄罗斯“异化”的恐惧与防范是不是能抵过欧盟强大自己的现实需要了。本文主要分三个阶段来分析探讨：1991-2000年这段期间,由于冷战的刚刚结束,冷战的阴影还不能在欧盟成员国家散去,俄罗斯作为苏联的继承者,还是有着诸多让欧盟担心和疑虑的因素存在。这一时期欧盟尚未全面考虑建构新型欧洲安全机制,而且由于以美国为首的北约在这一阶段基本完全控制和影响着欧盟对俄罗斯的认知,使之将俄罗斯看成一个局外人。在这一阶段虽然欧盟军事力量和建构安全机制方面还有很多欠缺,而这恰恰是俄罗斯的强项,但是现实的需要抵不过长久以来形成的心理“阴影”。欧盟把俄罗斯放在了欧洲边缘化的位置,排斥与俄罗斯的合作。第二个阶段是2001—2004年间,在这一个阶段9·11恐怖事件让欧盟认识到欧洲的安全不能没有俄罗斯的帮助,特别是伊拉克战争让欧盟渐渐从美国的怀抱中疏离,从而开始考量俄罗斯在欧洲安全机制中的位置,但是毕竟第一步是最难迈开的。合作虽然开始,但是欧盟的内心对于俄罗斯并没有完全放弃对俄罗斯的防范：俄罗斯会不会想要再控制欧洲的安全,历史会不会重演,这些都还没有定论。可是现实的状况又不允许欧盟继续排斥俄罗斯。因此,欧盟在诸种纠结中选择了一条折中的道路。借俄罗斯的“东风之力”以建构欧洲的安全机制,这样欧盟不但可以放心地发展自己的安全建构,而且不用担心俄罗斯会过多参与欧洲的安全事务。“帮手”一词可以很好的概括欧盟这一阶段对俄罗斯的认知。第三个阶段即2005—2010年,这个时期欧盟开始了与俄罗斯的“有限合作”。欧盟东扩,使得欧洲的安全形势更加复杂化。面对更加复杂化的欧洲安全形势,欧盟自知实力不足,于是自然而然地把目光投向了俄罗斯,加深与俄罗斯在安全领域的合作已经是“箭在弦上不得不发”,一揽子计划顺利出炉。而此时的俄罗斯对与欧盟的扩大虽然也是颇有微词,但俄罗斯在欧盟诸多“西化”措施下内部发生了欧盟期望中的变化,军事力量等安全领域的实力都在上升,而且,俄罗斯对扩大到家门口的欧盟并没有采取“敌对”的态度。这样,欧盟对俄罗斯的认知已经从“帮手”发展向了“合作伙伴”。虽然这一阶段欧盟和俄罗斯的合作还是“有限”的,但是显然现实的需要已经占据了欧盟考量俄罗斯的关键因素。以后欧盟对俄罗斯的认知还会不会发生新的改变,只能用事实来说话。但是可以肯定的是,欧盟和俄罗斯的合作会在各个方面深入下去,这是历史的大势所趋,也是欧盟面对现实必须的选择。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the changes in Russia ' s cognition after the Cold War and the process of European Russia ' s rejection of Russia in the field of security , which has two main factors that affect Russia ' s perception of Russia . It is Europe ' s long - formed fear of Russia and the security of Europe to Russia .
On the other hand , the EU is trying to set up a new European security mechanism . Russia ' s strong and progressive development of traditional and non - traditional military power is a powerful assistant to the EU ' s development security mechanism . The two factors have been affecting the EU ' s perception of Russia . The EU has gradually changed Russia ' s cognition . But as the reality needs , the European Union has gradually changed Russia ' s cognition .

The European Union has not yet fully considered the construction of a new European security mechanism during the period 1991 - 2000 , since the end of the cold war , the shadow of the cold war could not be dispersed in the EU member countries , Russia as a successor to the Soviet Union , and a number of EU concerns and concerns . In this stage , the European Union has not yet fully considered the European security mechanism , but the reality needs to be offset by the psychological " shadow " that has long been formed . The European Union places Russia at the edge of Europe and repels cooperation with Russia .

The second phase is that during the period 2001 - 2004 , the EU realized that security in Europe was not without Russia ' s help , especially the Iraq war , which began to take into account Russia ' s position in the European security mechanism , but the first step was the most difficult .

In the third phase , the European Union began its " limited cooperation " with Russia during the period 2005 - 2010 . The EU ' s eastward expansion has made the security situation in Europe more complicated . In the face of a more complicated European security situation , the European Union has become less self - known . But Russia ' s perception of Russia has been a " hostile " attitude toward the EU . While Russia ' s cooperation with Russia has been " limited " , the need for Russia has already taken up the key factors that the EU considers Russia .

There will be no new changes in the EU ' s perception of Russia in the future , but only the facts can be used to speak . But it is certain that cooperation between the European Union and Russia will continue in all its aspects , which is the trend of history and the choice of the EU face - to - reality .
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D751.2

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