从拒斥到合作—安全视角下的欧盟对俄罗斯的认知（1991-2010年）

发布时间：2018-06-06 14:45

本文选题：欧盟 + 俄罗斯　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文探讨的是冷战之后欧盟对俄罗斯认知的变化以及欧俄在安全领域从拒斥到合作的过程,有两个主要因素影响着欧洲对俄罗斯的认知,就是欧洲早已形成的对俄罗斯的恐惧之心和现实欧洲安全对俄罗斯的需要。认真分欧盟与俄罗斯在安全领域的合作进展,不难发现,一方面,欧洲长期以来形成的对于“异族”——俄罗斯的恐惧之心牵制着欧盟和俄罗斯的合作形势；另一方面,欧盟试图建立新型的欧洲安全机制的需要,俄罗斯在传统和非传统军事力量的强大和逐渐发展,是欧盟发展安全机制的强有力的助手。这两个方面因素一直在影响着欧盟对俄罗斯的认知,两个因素的较力使得欧盟对俄罗斯的合作呈现出渐变的状态。这篇文章就以这两个因素的此消彼长为立足点,来分析欧盟对俄罗斯的认知的变化。欧盟在恐惧与需要中纠结,但是随着现实需要的迫不得已,欧盟渐渐对俄罗斯展开了双臂,但是同时双方也都清楚,欧盟对于俄罗斯还是有所保留的。欧盟对俄罗斯的认知伴随着双方在安全的等方面的合作,也慢慢发生着改变,俄罗斯从防范的“异类”,逐渐变成“借力”的好街坊,更又进一步成为需要与之进行“有限合作”的好伙伴。那么在将来的时间里,欧盟对于俄罗斯的认知会不会走向“优先合作”的伙伴,就要看欧洲对俄罗斯“异化”的恐惧与防范是不是能抵过欧盟强大自己的现实需要了。本文主要分三个阶段来分析探讨：1991-2000年这段期间,由于冷战的刚刚结束,冷战的阴影还不能在欧盟成员国家散去,俄罗斯作为苏联的继承者,还是有着诸多让欧盟担心和疑虑的因素存在。这一时期欧盟尚未全面考虑建构新型欧洲安全机制,而且由于以美国为首的北约在这一阶段基本完全控制和影响着欧盟对俄罗斯的认知,使之将俄罗斯看成一个局外人。在这一阶段虽然欧盟军事力量和建构安全机制方面还有很多欠缺,而这恰恰是俄罗斯的强项,但是现实的需要抵不过长久以来形成的心理“阴影”。欧盟把俄罗斯放在了欧洲边缘化的位置,排斥与俄罗斯的合作。第二个阶段是2001—2004年间,在这一个阶段9·11恐怖事件让欧盟认识到欧洲的安全不能没有俄罗斯的帮助,特别是伊拉克战争让欧盟渐渐从美国的怀抱中疏离,从而开始考量俄罗斯在欧洲安全机制中的位置,但是毕竟第一步是最难迈开的。合作虽然开始,但是欧盟的内心对于俄罗斯并没有完全放弃对俄罗斯的防范：俄罗斯会不会想要再控制欧洲的安全,历史会不会重演,这些都还没有定论。可是现实的状况又不允许欧盟继续排斥俄罗斯。因此,欧盟在诸种纠结中选择了一条折中的道路。借俄罗斯的“东风之力”以建构欧洲的安全机制,这样欧盟不但可以放心地发展自己的安全建构,而且不用担心俄罗斯会过多参与欧洲的安全事务。“帮手”一词可以很好的概括欧盟这一阶段对俄罗斯的认知。第三个阶段即2005—2010年,这个时期欧盟开始了与俄罗斯的“有限合作”。欧盟东扩,使得欧洲的安全形势更加复杂化。面对更加复杂化的欧洲安全形势,欧盟自知实力不足,于是自然而然地把目光投向了俄罗斯,加深与俄罗斯在安全领域的合作已经是“箭在弦上不得不发”,一揽子计划顺利出炉。而此时的俄罗斯对与欧盟的扩大虽然也是颇有微词,但俄罗斯在欧盟诸多“西化”措施下内部发生了欧盟期望中的变化,军事力量等安全领域的实力都在上升,而且,俄罗斯对扩大到家门口的欧盟并没有采取“敌对”的态度。这样,欧盟对俄罗斯的认知已经从“帮手”发展向了“合作伙伴”。虽然这一阶段欧盟和俄罗斯的合作还是“有限”的,但是显然现实的需要已经占据了欧盟考量俄罗斯的关键因素。以后欧盟对俄罗斯的认知还会不会发生新的改变,只能用事实来说话。但是可以肯定的是,欧盟和俄罗斯的合作会在各个方面深入下去,这是历史的大势所趋,也是欧盟面对现实必须的选择。
[Abstract]:This article discusses the changes in the European Union's cognition to Russia after the cold war and the process of rejecting the EU and Russia in the field of security. There are two main factors affecting the European understanding of Russia. It is the fear of Russia and the needs of the European security for Russia. On the other hand, the European Union's desire to establish a new European security mechanism, on the other hand, is strong in the traditional and non-traditional military forces, on the other hand, the European Union is trying to establish a new European security mechanism. The gradual development is a powerful assistant to the EU's development security mechanism. These two factors have been affecting the EU's perception of Russia. The two factors have made the EU's cooperation with Russia gradually changing. This article is based on these two factors to analyze the EU to Russia. Changes in cognition. The EU is entangled in fear and needs, but with the need of reality, the European Union has gradually opened its arms to Russia, but both sides also know that the EU is still reserved for Russia. In the future, the European Union's fear of "alienation" of Russia and the fear of Russia 's "alienation" will be seen. Is prevention against the EU's strong practical needs?
This article is mainly divided into three stages: during the period of 1991-2000 years, the cold war's shadow has not been scattered in the EU member countries because of the cold war. Russia, as the successor of the Soviet Union, still has many factors that let the European Union worry and doubt. The whole mechanism, and since NATO, led by the United States, basically completely controls and affects the EU's perception of Russia at this stage, so that Russia sees Russia as an outsider. At this stage there is still a lot of shortage in the EU's military forces and the construction of security mechanisms, which is precisely the strength of Russia, but the need for reality. The EU has placed Russia in the marginalized position of Europe and rejected cooperation with Russia.
The second stage was between 2001 and 2004, at which the 9 11 terrorist incident made the European Union realize that the security of Europe could not be helped by Russia, especially the Iraq war that gradually alienated the European Union from the embrace of the United States, and began to consider Russia's position in the European security machine system, but the first step was the most difficult to take. The European Union has not completely abandoned Russia's guard against Russia: will Russia want to recontrol Europe's security, and the history will not repeat it, but the reality does not allow the EU to continue to repel Russia. A compromise road. By using the Russian "east wind force" to build a European security mechanism, the EU can not only safely develop its own security construction, but also don't worry that Russia will be too much involved in European security affairs. The word "helper" can well cover the European Union's understanding of Russia at this stage.
In the third stage, from 2005 to 2010, the European Union began its "limited cooperation" with Russia. The EU enlargement has made the European security situation more complicated. Facing the more complex European security situation, the European Union is inadequately aware of its strength, so it naturally threw light on Russia and deepened its security collar with Russia. The cooperation of the region has been "forced to send" and the package plan goes out smoothly. At this time, Russia has a little word on the expansion of the European Union, but Russia has changed the European Union's expectations in the EU under many "Westernization" measures, and the strength of the military power and other security fields is rising, and Russian Luo. The EU has not taken a "hostile" attitude towards the expansion of the door to the European Union. Thus, the EU's understanding of Russia has developed from "helper" to "partner". Although the EU and Russia are "limited" at this stage, it is clear that the real needs have occupied the key cause of the European Union's consideration of Russia. Prime.
In the future, there will be no new changes in the EU's perception of Russia, only to speak with facts. But it is certain that the EU's cooperation with Russia will go deep in all aspects, which is the trend of history and the choice of the EU in the face of reality.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D751.2

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