从消极福利国家到积极“福利社会”——经济全球化视角下西欧福利国家问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 05:05

本文选题：经济全球化 + 福利国家　；参考：《中共中央党校》2004年博士论文

【摘要】： 作为生产力发展的客观结果，目前经济全球化发展迅速、方兴未艾，已经成为当今世界经济发展的最为重大的内容、最为鲜明的时代特征和不可逆转的发展趋势。它深刻影响了人类社会的历史发展，加速了传统社会的变迁和思想文化的激荡以及各国政府在政治、经济领域的主动变革，同时也突破了传统的以民族国家为基本视角的问题研究，给人们提供了反思历史和研究问题的一个全新视角。因此，“经济全球化”概念和理论一经出现，就立刻引起世界范围的广泛关注与激烈争论。人们在研究经济全球化的过程中发现，伴随着经济全球化的发展，社会不平等不仅在国际层次上表现出来，而且也在发达国家内部呈现日益加剧的态势。究其原因，这是因为在经济全球化进程中，强资本、弱国家和弱劳工政治格局的形成，以及经济、社会和思想文化的变迁，对凯恩斯“需求管理”政策和发达国家传统的社会保护机制形成了剧烈冲击，由此导致传统的社会福利国家模式走向终结。以此为切入点，本论文从多维视角对福利国家的现实问题进行考察，，对其积极“福利社会”的改革进行评析，并对经济全球化进程中福利国家的未来走向作出预测。论文正文部分由三章构成。第一章主要从宏观和全局的角度对经济全球化、福利国家的基本理论，对经济全球化与福利国家之间的关系作出考察，奠定整篇论文的理论基础和立论依据。通过对济全球化的历史、现状与理论的考察，指出经济全球化是指全球范围内各国各地区之间经济相互联系和相互依存，在世界市场扩展和深化基础上日趋密切的一种发展态势和发展进程；通过对福利国家的历史考察和模式特征分析，指出福利国家是二战以后西欧国家政治、经济、社会和思想文化等多领域多因素“交互”作用的结果，具有特定的理论内涵和共同的模式特征；通过对经济全球化背景下福利国家问题的初步解读，指出在经济全球化进程中，战后西欧福利国家“妥协”有面临终结的危险，并确立经济全球化进程中福利国家问题研究的多维视角。第二章是论文的主体部分，分别从经济、社会、政治和思想文化四个领域展开对经济全球化背景下福利国家现实问题的理论研究，进一步明确：从经济视角来看，“福利经济”是福利国家经济和社会政策的基础；经济全球化进程中凯恩斯“需求管理”政策的失败，使“福利经济”陷于困境，是导致福利国家伴随经济全球化而出现的危机（简称福利国家的“全球化危机”）的经济原因；从社会视角来看，福利国家是针对工业社会的社会结构和社会需求而设计的一种福利制度模式；经济全球化进程中西欧国家经济和社会的结构性变化，造成这种制度模式的相对滞后，是导致福利国家“全球化危机”的社会原因；从政治视角来看，福利国家是在阶级力量对比和相互权力制约处于平衡状态下的资本和劳工之间“阶级妥协”的产物；经济全球化进程中资本权力的膨胀、国家与劳工地位和影响相对削弱打破了这一平衡，是导致福利国家“全 WP=4 球化危机”的政治原因；从文化视角来看，二战以后在西欧社会形成的“福利共识”是福利国家存在和发展的思想文化基础；经济全球化进程中的新自由主义的甚嚣尘上和对自由市场经济的推崇，使这种“福利共识”陷于日益瓦解的境地，是导致福利国家“全球化危机”的文化层面原因。第三章主要对经济全球化进程中西欧福利国家的改革进行考察和分析，指出第三条道路是以布莱尔、吉登斯和施罗德为代表的西欧社会民主党人对传统福利国家模式进行理论反思的结果和积极应对经济全球化冲击的现实方案选择。其提出的积极“福利社会”的主张实质是在坚持传统社会民主主义基本价值观念的基础上，部分吸收了新自由主义经济和社会发展的主张，以便在福利、负担和效率之间形成一种新的平衡。其主要内容是强调对“可能性”的公平分配和消除“社会排斥”，扩大个人、民间机构和社区的社会责任，扩大市场机制在增加社会福利总量和提供公共服务方面的作用，加大对人力资源的投资和提升个人应对市场冲击的能力，以实现“消极福利”向“积极福利”、福利国家向“福利社会”、保姆式国家向“投资型国家”的过渡。由于福利国家是社会各种因素“交互”作用的结果，其改革也不可避免地受到各种复杂因素的影响和制约。改革的步伐有多快、成效有多大，将取决于多种因素共同作用的结果。结束语，联系我国的情况，探讨在经济全球化背景下建设中国特色社会主义保障制度应注意的问题，指出必须坚持与经济与社会发展水平相适应原则，根据现实国力来规划社会保障；必须坚持满足福利需求原则，根据城乡居民的需求来设置具体保障项目；必须坚持社会化与多元化道路，建立国家与个人、企业、社区、团体和家庭的良好合作关系；必须坚持适应未来经济和社会发展的原则，加大教育和其它人力资源投资；必须坚持适度市场机制原则，提高社会福利和公共服务的质量和效益；必须加强对经济全球化背景下社会保障跨国协调等方面的研究，寻求积极的应对之策。这也是本文的结论所在。
[Abstract]:As an objective result of the development of productive forces , the rapid development of economic globalization has become the most important content of the world ' s economic development , the most distinctive feature of the times and the irreversible trend of development .

In the process of studying the globalization of the economy , people find that , with the development of the globalization of the economy , social inequality is not only manifested at the international level but also in the developed countries .

Chapter one examines the relationship between economic globalization and welfare state from the macro and global perspective , and establishes the theoretical basis and theoretical basis for the whole thesis .
Through the historical investigation and pattern analysis of welfare state , it is pointed out that welfare state is the result of multi - factor " interaction " in politics , economy , society and thought culture in western European countries after World War II , and has specific theoretical connotation and common mode characteristics ;
Through the preliminary interpretation of welfare state problem in the background of economic globalization , it is pointed out that in the process of economic globalization , the post - war Western European welfare state " compromise " has the risk of the end , and establishes the multi - dimensional visual angle of the research on welfare state in the process of economic globalization .

The second chapter is the main part of the thesis , from the four domains of economic , social , political and ideological and cultural , the theoretical research on the real problems of welfare state in the background of economic globalization is further clarified : from the economic point of view , " welfare economy " is the basis of welfare state economic and social policy ;
The failure of Keynesian demand management policy in the process of economic globalization makes the " welfare economy " predicament , which leads to the economic reason of the crisis ( the " globalization crisis " of welfare state ) caused by the globalization of the welfare state with the economic globalization ;
From the social perspective , welfare state is a kind of welfare system designed for the social structure and social demand of industrial society ;
The structural change of the economic and social structure of the western European countries in the process of economic globalization , which leads to the relative lag of the system model , is the social cause of the " globalization crisis " of the welfare state ;
From the political point of view , welfare state is the product of " class compromise " between the capital and the labour under the balance of class force and mutual power .

From the cultural perspective , the " welfare consensus " formed in the Western European society after World War II is the basis for the existence and development of welfare state ;
The rise of neo - liberalism in the process of economic globalization and the promotion of free market economy have led to the collapse of the " welfare consensus " , which is the cultural dimension of the " globalization crisis " of welfare state .

Chapter three examines and analyzes the reform of the welfare state in Western Europe in the process of economic globalization , and points out that the third way is to make theoretical reflection on the traditional welfare state model and to actively deal with the impact of economic globalization .

The article discusses the problems that should be paid attention to in building socialism guarantee system with Chinese characteristics under the background of economic globalization , pointing out that we must adhere to the principle of adapting to the level of economic and social development , and plan the social security according to the actual state power ;
We must adhere to the principle of welfare needs , and set up specific guarantee projects according to the needs of urban and rural residents ;
We must adhere to the way of socialization and diversification and establish good cooperative relations between the state and individuals , enterprises , communities , groups and families ;
We must adhere to the principles of economic and social development in the future , and increase investment in education and other human resources ;
We must adhere to the principle of moderate market mechanism , improve the quality and benefit of social welfare and public service ;
It is necessary to strengthen the research on the transnational coordination of social security in the context of economic globalization , and seek a positive response . This is also the conclusion of this paper .
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D75

【引证文献】