国大党的兴衰与印度政党政治的发展

发布时间：2018-06-12 22:04

本文选题：印度政党政治 + 发展　；参考：《华东师范大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：印度在独立后,形成了资本主义议会民主制下罕见的“一党独大制”,到20世纪80年代末期,印度政党体制开始转型,多党竞争联合政府成为政党运作的主要形式。在印度政党政治发展过程中,国大党起了决定性作用,在某种程度上说,国大党的力量左右了印度各党派势力的对比情况,推动了印度政党政治的新发展。国大党的兴衰沉浮折射了印度政党政治的发展历程,其经验教训值得研究。本文从国大党的兴衰与印度政党政治发展的关系出发,主要研究国大党的兴衰成败的经验教训及其对印度政党政治发展进程的影响,探索印度政党政治发展趋势,总结现代政党执政规律。政党政治是一个相当复杂的系统,涉及的内容十分广泛,要穷尽其全部内容是一项很浩大的工程。本文主要研究在独立后印度政党政治发展的不同历史阶段,国大党地位、作用变化的原因及影响,并从中探寻一个大党、老党兴衰的若干规律性的东西。第一章,印度政党政治发展的主要影响因素。印度的政党起源于殖民统治时期,在民族独立过程中,处于领导地位的国大党成为印度国家体制确立的直接推动者。独立后的印度,随着现代化的发展,其政党政治也随着社会的变化而变化。政党政治的发展是一个客观历史过程,是一个国家经济、政治、社会等各种因素相互作用、相互制约的产物,印度也毫不例外。印度的政党政治是从西方移植并在本国历史、文化传统基础上形成的。影响印度政党政治发展主要因素有历史传统、经济与政治发展、种姓和宗教等。这些因素既具有历史客观性,同时也与国大党政治、经济、种姓和宗教政策密不可分。第二章,国大党的兴盛与国大党体制的建立。独立后印度政党政治发展的第一阶段形成了“一党独大制”的局面,国大党“一统天下”,一党占压倒性优势,成为印度政党体制形成最重要的标记。由此,这一时期印度政党政治表现出鲜明的特点:多党林立、一党独大,三权分立、执政党大权独揽,党政关系协调以及具有强烈的个人色彩等。第三章,国大党逐渐衰落与印度政党体制的演变。国大党长达40年的执政过程中,在积存的一系列内外危机中逐步衰落,印度的政党政治也逐渐由国大党的一党独大制向真正的多党竞争制过渡。印度政党体制的转换是一个渐进的过程,这一过程与国大党的衰落是一致的。这一时期印度政党政治发展表现出过渡时期的一些特征:国大党的力量不断削弱,印度各政党围绕国家政权和对国大党的态度不断分化、分裂和重新组合。印度政党政治量变中出现部分质变,主要表现在反对党通过联合行动对执政党造成严重的威胁,以及邦级政府由多党联合掌权的趋势。
[Abstract]:After independence, India formed the rare "one-party system" under the capitalist parliamentary democracy. By the late 1980s, India's political party system began to transform, and the multi-party competitive coalition government became the main form of political party operation. The Congress Party plays a decisive role in the development of Indian party politics. To a certain extent, the power of the Congress Party controls the contrast of the various parties in India and promotes the new development of Indian party politics. The rise and fall of the Congress Party reflects the development course of Indian party politics, and its experience and lessons are worth studying. Starting from the relationship between the rise and fall of the Congress Party and the political development of the Indian party, this paper mainly studies the experience and lessons of the success or failure of the Congress Party and its influence on the process of the political development of the Indian political party, and probes into the development trend of the political party in India. Summing up the ruling laws of modern political parties. Party politics is a very complex system, involving a wide range of content, to exhaust all its content is a very large project. This paper mainly studies the different historical stages of the political development of Indian political parties after independence, the position of the Congress Party, the causes and effects of the changes in its function, and explores some regular things about the rise and fall of a big party and the old party. The first chapter, the main influence factors of the development of Indian party politics. The political parties in India originated in the colonial period. In the process of national independence, the leading Congress Party became the direct promoter of the establishment of India's national system. After independence India, with the development of modernization, its party politics also changed with the changes of society. The development of party politics is an objective historical process, is a national economy, politics, society and other factors interact and restrict each other, India is no exception. Party politics in India was transplanted from the West and formed on the basis of its history and cultural tradition. The main factors affecting the political development of Indian political parties include historical tradition, economic and political development, caste and religion. These factors have historical objectivity and are closely related to Congress party politics, economy, caste and religious policy. Chapter two, the prosperity of Congress Party and the establishment of Congress Party system. After independence, the first stage of the political development of Indian political parties formed the situation of "one party dominating the world", the Congress party "dominating the whole world" and the one party occupying an overwhelming advantage, which became the most important mark of the formation of the Indian political party system. As a result, Indian party politics showed distinct characteristics during this period: multiparty standing, one party dominating, three powers separated, the ruling party monopolizing power, the coordination between the party and the government, and the strong individual color, and so on. Chapter three, the gradual decline of Congress Party and the evolution of Indian political party system. After 40 years in power, the Congress Party gradually declined in a series of internal and external crises, and the party politics in India gradually changed from the one-party system of the Congress Party to the real multi-party competition system. The transformation of India's party system is a gradual process, which is consistent with the decline of the Congress Party. During this period, the political development of Indian political parties showed some characteristics of the transitional period: the strength of the Congress Party was continuously weakened, and the Indian political parties were divided, divided and reorganized around the state power and attitude towards the Congress party. There are some qualitative changes in the political changes of Indian political parties, mainly reflected in the serious threat to the ruling party caused by the opposition parties through joint action, and the tendency of the state government to be controlled by the multi-party coalition.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D735.1

【引证文献】