欧洲一体化中的民族主义因素

发布时间：2018-06-16 13:11

本文选题：民族国家 + 民族主义　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：欧洲是民族主义的摇篮,也是一体化进程取得突破性发展的地区。当前欧洲一体化从欧洲共同体发展到了欧盟的新阶段,然而因为当前欧洲面临的多重危机和种种困境,欧债危机和难民危机等使民族主义正在走向极端化,反移民、反穆斯林等极度排外情绪蔓延,极右翼政党在欧洲崛起,英国脱离欧盟极大地打击了其他欧盟成员国对欧洲一体化的信心。本文以民族主义因素为切入点,试图分析当前欧盟在一体化进程中面临的阻碍与挑战,主要分为绪论、正文和结语三部分。第一章是绪论,结合理论、历史与现实阐述选题意义、论文目的、文献综述以及研究方法等,重点通过研究主旨和创新性说明,阐明了本文的立论基础和逻辑思路。第二章主要阐述了概念界定,包括民族、民族主义、超国家主义等,笔者将对民族、民族主义以及超国家主义相关理论进行系统的梳理,在借鉴学术界研究成果的基础上,归纳总结出民族主义理论和超国家主义的核心观点和主张,并在此基础上,完成对基础理论的构建。民族的概念与特定的人类群体有关,它的成员们有着共同的生活地域、历史传统、语言文化等等,结合成一体,对这个整体怀有赤诚的热爱与拥护。而民族主义是一种基于民族意识的对民族最高的忠诚和爱戴。第三章,主要用历史分析法从纵向视角归纳和分析民族主义在欧洲的演进。一般来讲,欧洲民族主义在历史上的发展过程可分为三个比较大的阶段:首先是从中世纪到法国大革命之前,是欧洲民族国家的萌芽和民族主义的孕育阶段,欧洲各个主要国家都在从中世纪的等级君主制向绝对主义的王朝国家转变;然后是从1789年法国大革命开始到第二次世界大战结束这一段时期,是欧洲民族国家的发展与民族主义的迅速膨胀阶段,掀起了民族国家争取民族独立、国家统一的浪潮,然而民族主义逐渐走向极端化,残酷战争从欧洲席卷全世界;第三个阶段是二战后从欧共体到欧盟的发展时期,欧洲民族国家为了民族利益,选择联合自保,抑制民族主义极端化,然而期间欧洲一体化进程也经历过民族主义的重重阻碍。第四章,主要探讨当前民族主义对欧洲一体化的影响。民族主义强调民族利益和国家国家的首要性,在一定情况下能够推动欧洲各国为了民族国家的利益而合作共赢,共同促进一体化进程的发展,在极端化的情况下又过分追求各自的利益,引起摩擦、矛盾与冲突,阻碍了成员国对欧洲一体化的支持与认同。比如近些年来欧债危机、难民危机、极右翼政党的崛起以及英国脱离欧盟等重大现象。第五章结语部分在总结了全文的基本内容和主要观点的基础上,对欧洲一体化和民族主义的未来发展提出了自己的看法。
[Abstract]:Europe is the cradle of nationalism and the region where the integration process has made a breakthrough. The current European integration has developed from the European Community to a new stage of the European Union. However, because of the multiple crises and difficulties facing Europe, the European debt crisis and the refugee crisis are making nationalism extreme and anti-immigrant. The spread of extreme anti-Muslim xenophobia, the rise of far-right parties in Europe and the departure of Britain from the European Union have dealt a huge blow to other EU member states' confidence in European integration. This paper attempts to analyze the obstacles and challenges that the EU faces in the process of integration with nationalism as a starting point. It is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The first chapter is the introduction, combining theory, history and reality to explain the significance of the topic, the purpose of the paper, literature review and research methods, focusing on the research theme and innovative explanation to clarify the theoretical basis and logical thinking of this paper. The second chapter mainly expounds the definition of the concept, including nationality, nationalism, supranationalism and so on. The author will systematically comb the related theories of nationality, nationalism and supranationalism, on the basis of drawing lessons from the academic research results. The core viewpoints and opinions of nationalism theory and supranationalism are summarized, and on this basis, the construction of basic theory is completed. The concept of a nation is related to a particular human group. Its members share a common region of life, historical traditions, language and culture, etc., and have a sincere love and support for this whole. Nationalism is the highest loyalty and love to the nation based on national consciousness. Chapter three summarizes and analyzes the evolution of nationalism in Europe from the perspective of history. Generally speaking, the development of European nationalism in history can be divided into three relatively large stages: first, from the Middle Ages to before the French Revolution, it was the embryonic stage of the European nation-state and the breeding stage of nationalism. The major European countries were shifting from a medieval hierarchical monarchy to an absolute dynastic state, and then from the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789 to the end of World War II. It is the stage of the development of European nation-state and the rapid expansion of nationalism, which set off the tide of nation-state striving for national independence and national unification. However, nationalism gradually went to the extreme, and the cruel war swept the whole world from Europe. The third stage was the development period from the European Community to the European Union after World War II. For the sake of national interests, the European nation-states chose to unite and protect themselves to curb the radicalization of nationalism. However, the process of European integration also experienced numerous obstacles of nationalism. Chapter four mainly discusses the influence of nationalism on European integration. Emphasizing the national interests and the primacy of the State, nationalism can, under certain circumstances, promote win-win cooperation among the European countries for the benefit of the nation-States and jointly promote the development of the integration process, In the case of extreme, they excessively pursue their own interests, causing friction, contradictions and conflicts, which hinders the support and recognition of European integration by member countries. For example, in recent years, Europe's debt crisis, refugee crisis, the rise of far-right parties and Britain's departure from the European Union and other major phenomena. The fifth chapter summarizes the basic contents and main points of view of the full text, and puts forward its own views on the future development of European integration and nationalism.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D75

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