苏联模式的历史演进与世界社会主义发展研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 12:21

本文选题：苏联模式 + “新思维”改革　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：苏东剧变是上世纪人类历史上的重大事件，更是世界社会主义运动史上世纪性的悲剧。二十多年来，国际学术界从不同的领域、不同视角对苏东剧变问题进行了分析和研究，并取得了丰富的理论研究成果。本文旨在运用马克思主义辩证唯物主义、历史唯物主义的基本观点和科学社会主义的理论，通过研究苏联模式的历史演进，来梳理苏联从建立到解体七十四年间的历史脉络、制度沿革、改革进程，社会变化，系统分析苏联解体对国际政治格局以及国际共产主义运动和世界社会主义事业的深远影响，探讨苏联解体的制度因素、历史因素、政策因素、国际因素、民族因素、思想因素、社会因素等诸多方面，并在此基础上，以史为镜，，总结苏联解体以及苏联模式失败对我们党和国家的建设事业的教训和启发。对苏联解体原因、教训的研究本就具有重要的理论意义和深刻的现实意义，从苏联解体的教训中，我们认识到了全面科学准确地把握马克思主义科学社会主义理论的重要性，系统认真地学习马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观，树立和坚定社会主义理想信念；从实际出发，实事求是，结合本国的具体国情，坚持走出一条具有本国特色的社会主义建设道路。解决好马克思主义本土化的路径与机制问题；警惕全盘西化和民主主义的侵蚀，防止西方的“和平演变”，加强思想教育工作，坚定对社会主义的信仰；不断加强执政党建设和政府职能的变革，高度重视党的领导和建设，高度重视意识形态领域的工作，加强党的思想建设；毫不动摇地坚持科学社会主义基本理论，并结合我国具体实际、具体国情，坚定不移地走出一条具有中国特色的社会主义道路。文章首先从列宁领导的伟大的十月革命开始，对列宁的“一国胜利理论”、以及“战时共产主义”与“新经济政策”的实施、影响和弊端进行论述；对斯大林时期形成的高度集中的政治经济体制——苏联模式的运行、成就和历史作用做出了深刻的分析；第二章全面系统的探究赫鲁晓夫、勃列日涅夫、安德罗波夫与契尔年科执政时期奉行的思想理论体系、以及以此为依据进行的改革、外交政策；第三章对戈尔巴乔夫时期的“新思维”改革，从理论、改革背景、改革内容及其影响各个方面作了全面细致的分析；第四章对苏联解体的原因、影响和教训进行了客观公正的分析总结，尤其对苏东剧变的原因透析方面，本文全面总结了原苏联学者和政治家、西方欧美学者以及我们理论界对该问题的研究状况，并从苏联解体的教训中，得出了关于社会主义改革与建设的几点理论思考；最后一章进一步论述了后苏联时代在叶利钦、普京和梅德韦杰夫执政时期的俄罗斯政治、经济的发展。
[Abstract]:The dramatic changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe are the major events in the human history of the last century and the tragedy of the socialist movement in the world. In the past twenty years, the international academic circles have analyzed and studied the problem of the drastic changes of the Soviet Union and the East from different fields and different perspectives, and obtained abundant theoretical research results. The purpose of this paper is to use the basic viewpoints of Marxist dialectical materialism, historical materialism and the theory of scientific socialism, through studying the historical evolution of the Soviet model, to sort out the historical context of the Soviet Union from its establishment to its disintegration 74 years ago. System evolution, reform process, social change, systematic analysis of the profound influence of the disintegration of the Soviet Union on the international political pattern, the international communist movement and the cause of socialism in the world, and the discussion of the institutional factors, historical factors and policy factors of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, International factors, national factors, ideological factors, social factors and so on, and on this basis, based on the history as a mirror, summed up the Soviet Union's disintegration and the failure of the Soviet model to our party and the cause of national construction lessons and inspiration. The study of the causes of the disintegration of the Soviet Union is of great theoretical and practical significance. From the lessons of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, we have realized the importance of grasping the scientific socialism theory of Marxism in an all-round and scientific way. Systematically and conscientiously study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping theory, the important thought of "three represents" and the scientific outlook on development, establish and firm socialist ideal and belief, proceed from reality, seek truth from facts, combine with the specific national conditions of our country, Stick to the road of socialist construction with national characteristics. To solve the problem of the path and mechanism of localization of Marxism, to guard against the total westernization and the erosion of democracy, to prevent the "peaceful evolution" of the West, to strengthen ideological education, and to strengthen the belief in socialism; We should constantly strengthen the building of the ruling party and the transformation of government functions, attach great importance to the leadership and construction of the party, attach great importance to the work in the ideological field, and strengthen the ideological construction of the party; and unswervingly adhere to the basic theory of scientific socialism. Combined with our country's concrete reality and specific national conditions, we will unswervingly walk out a socialist road with Chinese characteristics. The article begins with Lenin's great October Revolution and discusses Lenin's theory of "one country victory", the implementation, influence and malpractice of "wartime communism" and "new economic policy". It makes a profound analysis of the operation, achievements and historical role of the highly centralized political and economic system-Soviet model formed in Stalin's time. Chapter two comprehensively and systematically explores Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Brezhnev, The ideological and theoretical system pursued by Andropov and Chernenko during their reign, and the reform of foreign policy based on this, the third chapter discusses the reform of "new thinking" in Gorbachev's time from the perspective of theory and reform background. The content of the reform and its impact on all aspects of the comprehensive and detailed analysis; the fourth chapter of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the impact and lessons of an objective and impartial analysis and summary, especially on the causes of the dramatic changes in the Soviet Union and East dialysis, This paper summarizes the research status of the former Soviet scholars and politicians, western scholars in Europe and the United States, as well as our theorists, and draws some theoretical reflections on socialist reform and construction from the lessons of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The last chapter further discusses the political and economic development of Russia in the post-Soviet era under Yeltsin, Putin and Medvedev.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D751.2

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