政党政治发展与政党制度变迁:以英国为例

发布时间：2018-06-27 08:42

本文选题：英国 + 政党政治　；参考：《探索》2017年04期

【摘要】：从王权至上还是议会权力至上、选举权扩大与政党组织形态变化、政党实力与社会阶层变化三个方面看,英国300余年的政党发展、政党格局与政党制度变迁可划分为七个历史阶段。英国政党有一个从王权至上之下的政治派别向议会权力至上之下的近代权贵党,再向现代大众型政党、当代"全方位党""卡特尔党"乃至信息化政党的转型发展过程。英国政党政治有一个从王权至上之下的党派议政,到议会权力之上之下的政党参政与主政的近代发展过程;从一战、二战期间政党联合执政到二战后议会多数党执政、2010年偶现联合执政的现代与当代发展过程。英国政党格局与政党制度有一个从萌芽、初步形成到"三党格局"短暂迂回,再到二战以后"两党制"稳定发展与"三党格局"偶现的历史发展过程。对英国乃至他国而言,都先有现代政党、后有比较稳定的政党格局,然后才形成现代政党制度;政党与政党制度是历史的、具体的、发展的,而非一成不变的。
[Abstract]:From three aspects: the supremacy of Wang Quan or parliamentary power, the expansion of the right to vote and the change of the organization of political parties, the strength of political parties and the changes of social strata, the development of political parties in Britain has been going on for more than 300 years. The pattern of political party and the change of party system can be divided into seven historical stages. There is a transformation and development process of British political party from the political faction under Wang Quan to the power of parliament in modern times, and then to the modern mass party, the "cartel party" and even the information-based party in the contemporary "omni-directional" party. There is a modern development process of political party politics in Britain from party discussion under Wang Quan to political participation and rule above parliamentary power; from World War I, During World War II, the political parties United to the parliamentary majority ruling after World War II, and in 2010, the modern and contemporary development process of the coalition governance was occasionally presented. The pattern of British political party and the system of political party have a historical development process from the bud, the initial formation to the "three-party pattern" briefly, and then to the stable development of the "two-party system" and the occasional "three-party pattern" after the second World War. For Britain and even other countries, there are modern political parties first, then a relatively stable political party structure before the formation of a modern political party system; political parties and political party systems are historical, concrete and developing, rather than static.
【作者单位】：中共上海市委党校党史党建部;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时期党的工作作风与群众关系研究”(13&ZD009),项目负责人:刘红凛 2014年全国文化名家暨“四个一批”人才(理论界)自选项目“全面从严治党的热点难点问题研究”,项目负责人:刘红凛
【分类号】：D756.1

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