加拿大政府开发援助的国内道德因素研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 10:34
【摘要】：政府开发援助是国家对外行为的重要组成部分。在西方社会，政府的行为往往需要一定的民众支持和舆论基础。也就是说，国内因素影响着国家的对外行为。那么，为什么民众会支持对外援助？他们的支持基于什么动机和目的？是什么因素左右着他们对援助的态度？为解答这些问题，本文将试图以加拿大——这一国际社会中的中等国家为研究对象，，探讨民众对援助的态度以及找出加拿大政府开发援助的动力来源。 作者认为，中产阶级是社会的主导群体，其思想代表了加拿大人的主流价值观。而人道国际主义作为中产阶级思想的组成部分之一，它通过政治途径上升到政党和国家的意志，从而指导加拿大的对外行为。 利他是人道国际主义的重要体现，它是自然和社会进化的需要。利他是物质单向流动的行为，其结果是主体的利益减损。然而，这种减损却有利于集体和个人精神的满足，因此它具有存在的可能性和合理性。 进一步讲，精神的满足源于个人对社会的观感和对自我价值的衡量，它是特定观念建构的结果。从外部因素看，观念源于教育、舆论和社区生活对个人潜移默化的影响，内在则是中产阶级对自身职业及其带来的社会地位和声望的认同。作为一个文化上以基督教思想为主导的资本主义国家，加拿大的政治意识形态逐渐被社会主流群体所接受，并内化成他们的价值观，从而为政府开发援助打下了坚实的思想基础。 与此同时，加拿大的中等国家实力也为政府开发援助提供了支持。作为一个成熟经济体，普遍富裕和稳定的社会使得中产阶级有能力追求自我价值的实现，这包括帮助贫困人们；同时，作为中等国家，加拿大主要关注国际社会的低政治领域，这也是该国积极参与政府开发援助的原因所在。 当然，值得注意的是，加拿大人对政府开发援助的态度并不是一成不变的。周期性的经济环境变化在一定程度上影响了中产阶级的物质生活，从而左右着他们对政府开发援助的看法。这体现在不同时期政府开发援助和加拿大国际开发署的政治地位和社会形象的变迁。即便如此，在这个以自由主义为主导的社会中，经济对政府开发援助的影响是有限的，它体现的是规模大小之分，而非存在与否之别。
[Abstract]:Government development assistance is an important part of the country's foreign behavior. In the western society, the government's behavior often needs the public support and the public opinion foundation. In other words, domestic factors affect the external behavior of the country. So why would people support foreign aid? What are their motives and purposes for their support? What factors influence their attitude towards aid? In order to answer these questions, this paper will try to explore the attitude of the people towards aid and find out the power source of Canadian government's development aid, taking Canada, a middle country in the international community, as the research object. The author believes that the middle class is the dominant group in society, and its ideas represent the mainstream values of Canadians. Humanitarian internationalism, as a part of middle class ideology, rises to the will of political parties and states through political channels to guide Canada's foreign behavior. Altruism is an important embodiment of humanism, it is the need of natural and social evolution. Altruism is the behavior of material flow in one-way, and the result is the subject's interest is diminished. However, this kind of derogation is conducive to the satisfaction of collective and individual spirit, so it has the possibility and rationality of existence. Furthermore, spiritual satisfaction stems from the individual's perception of society and the measurement of self-worth, which is the result of the construction of specific concepts. From the perspective of external factors, the concept originates from the influence of education, public opinion and community life on the individual, while the middle class identifies itself with its occupation and the social status and prestige it brings. As a capitalist country with a culture dominated by Christian ideology, Canadian political ideology has gradually been accepted by the mainstream of society and internalized into their values. Thus laid a solid ideological foundation for government development assistance. At the same time, Canada's middle-class national strength also provided support for government development assistance. As a mature economy, a generally rich and stable society enables the middle class to pursue the realization of self-worth, which includes helping the poor, and as a medium-sized country, Canada is primarily concerned with the low political areas of the international community. This is why the country is actively involved in government development assistance. Of course, it is worth noting that Canadians' attitude towards government development aid is not inflexible. Cyclical changes in the economic environment have partly affected the material life of the middle class, thus shaping their perception of government development aid. This is reflected in the changes in the political status and social image of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and government development assistance in different periods. Even so, in a liberal-dominated society, the impact of the economy on government development aid is limited, reflecting a distinction of size rather than of existence.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D771.1
本文编号：2141101
[Abstract]:Government development assistance is an important part of the country's foreign behavior. In the western society, the government's behavior often needs the public support and the public opinion foundation. In other words, domestic factors affect the external behavior of the country. So why would people support foreign aid? What are their motives and purposes for their support? What factors influence their attitude towards aid? In order to answer these questions, this paper will try to explore the attitude of the people towards aid and find out the power source of Canadian government's development aid, taking Canada, a middle country in the international community, as the research object. The author believes that the middle class is the dominant group in society, and its ideas represent the mainstream values of Canadians. Humanitarian internationalism, as a part of middle class ideology, rises to the will of political parties and states through political channels to guide Canada's foreign behavior. Altruism is an important embodiment of humanism, it is the need of natural and social evolution. Altruism is the behavior of material flow in one-way, and the result is the subject's interest is diminished. However, this kind of derogation is conducive to the satisfaction of collective and individual spirit, so it has the possibility and rationality of existence. Furthermore, spiritual satisfaction stems from the individual's perception of society and the measurement of self-worth, which is the result of the construction of specific concepts. From the perspective of external factors, the concept originates from the influence of education, public opinion and community life on the individual, while the middle class identifies itself with its occupation and the social status and prestige it brings. As a capitalist country with a culture dominated by Christian ideology, Canadian political ideology has gradually been accepted by the mainstream of society and internalized into their values. Thus laid a solid ideological foundation for government development assistance. At the same time, Canada's middle-class national strength also provided support for government development assistance. As a mature economy, a generally rich and stable society enables the middle class to pursue the realization of self-worth, which includes helping the poor, and as a medium-sized country, Canada is primarily concerned with the low political areas of the international community. This is why the country is actively involved in government development assistance. Of course, it is worth noting that Canadians' attitude towards government development aid is not inflexible. Cyclical changes in the economic environment have partly affected the material life of the middle class, thus shaping their perception of government development aid. This is reflected in the changes in the political status and social image of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and government development assistance in different periods. Even so, in a liberal-dominated society, the impact of the economy on government development aid is limited, reflecting a distinction of size rather than of existence.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D771.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王海明;利他主义与利己主义辨析[J];河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版);2001年01期
本文编号：2141101
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