俄罗斯民主化研究（1992年以来）
发布时间：2018-08-03 11:55
【摘要】： 20世纪80年代中期,伴随着第三波民主化浪潮的余波,以苏联为首的二十多个东欧社会主义国家纷纷走上民主化转型之路。而以苏联的解体为前提的俄罗斯民主化转型尤为引人注目,它引起俄罗斯社会的巨大震荡,经济几乎陷入崩溃,百姓的生活水平急剧下滑,付出了巨大的代价。人们在震惊之余,开始不断反思俄罗斯民主化之路。国内外学者纷纷著书立说,试图对俄罗斯民主化作出或批判、或借鉴、或结论的说明。可以说,俄罗斯的民主化经验对于任何一个处于转型期的国家来说,都具有无比重要的价值。而本文的写作则选择了最能反映俄罗斯独特之处的传统政治文化的维度,即俄罗斯独具特色的传统价值理念的视角,对其民主化进程轨迹的内在逻辑给予一定的分析与解释,希望对中国的改革进程能够提供有益的启示。 本文首先对于俄罗斯民主化的动因、方式、路径及其内在逻辑给予了全景式的阐释,使得本文对于俄罗斯的民主化有了一个全局的把握。在论述过程中,尤其在思考俄罗斯最独具特色的传统政治文化的内核时感觉到,俄罗斯人在对自由主义认识的转变过程中,以及从对“可控民主”的默认到主动提出“主权民主”的概念,一种对于国家的认知观念在其中发挥着巨大的作用。从其民主化第一阶段的自由主义民主的取向,到第二阶段的权威主义转向,再到普京提出“俄罗斯思想”中“复兴”俄罗斯大国地位的战略目标的提出,无不体现出俄罗斯人的国家观念对于国家发展的一种质的追求。俄罗斯创建的以总统为核心的三权分立制度,即超级总统制,而普京则更进一步,使国家强权成为俄罗斯政治、社会生活中不可撼动的权威,也正是这一追求的最好体现。这在某种程度上证明了,俄罗斯传统政治文化的历史惯性作用的客观存在。可见,俄罗斯民主化所遇到的内在困境即是俄罗斯传统政治文化与西方自由主义民主价值理念之间的冲突,因此要实现其民主化的发展,首先要在已有的政治制度上进一步完善,其次通过发展自己的公民社会构建民主的政治文化,从这两方面着手来实现其民主的巩固与进一步发展。因此本文选取了俄罗斯的国家观念、俄罗斯政治制度的创建与完善和公民社会三个点,对俄罗斯民主化进行进一步的阐释,希望能取得预期的效果。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 1980s, with the third wave of democratization, more than 20 socialist countries in Eastern Europe, led by the Soviet Union, embarked on the road of democratization and transformation. The transition of Russian democratization, based on the disintegration of the Soviet Union, is particularly striking. It has caused a great shock to the Russian society, the economy has almost collapsed, and the living standards of the common people have fallen sharply and paid a huge price. People in shock, began to reflect on the road to democratization in Russia. Scholars at home and abroad have written books, trying to make or criticize the democratization of Russia, or draw lessons from it, or explain the conclusion. It can be said that Russia's experience of democratization is of great value to any country in transition. In this paper, the author chooses the dimension of traditional political culture which can best reflect the uniqueness of Russia, that is, the perspective of Russia's unique traditional value concept, and gives a certain analysis and explanation to the internal logic of its democratic process. It is hoped that it will provide useful enlightenment to China's reform process. This paper first gives a panoramic explanation of the causes, ways, paths and internal logic of Russian democratization, which makes this paper have a comprehensive grasp of Russian democratization. In the course of the discussion, especially when thinking about the core of Russia's most unique traditional political culture, it is felt that the Russian people are changing their understanding of liberalism. And from the acquiescence of "controllable democracy" to putting forward the concept of "sovereign democracy", a kind of cognitive concept of state plays a great role in it. From the orientation of liberal democracy in the first stage of democratization to the turn of authoritarianism in the second stage, to Putin's strategic goal of "reviving" Russia's status as a major power in "Russian thought," All reflect the Russian national concept of the national development of a germplasm pursuit. The system of separation of powers with the president as the core, namely the super presidential system, was created by Russia, and Putin went further, making the power of the state become the unshakable authority in Russian politics and social life, which is the best embodiment of this pursuit. To some extent, this proves that the historical inertia of Russian traditional political culture exists objectively. It can be seen that the inherent dilemma of Russian democratization is the conflict between Russian traditional political culture and western liberal democratic values, so it is necessary to realize the development of Russian democratization. First of all, we should further improve the existing political system, second, through the development of our own civil society to build a democratic political culture, from these two aspects to achieve the consolidation and further development of its democracy. Therefore, this paper selects Russia's national concept, the establishment and perfection of Russian political system and civil society to further explain the democratization of Russia, hoping to achieve the desired results.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D751.2
本文编号：2161668
[Abstract]:In the middle of 1980s, with the third wave of democratization, more than 20 socialist countries in Eastern Europe, led by the Soviet Union, embarked on the road of democratization and transformation. The transition of Russian democratization, based on the disintegration of the Soviet Union, is particularly striking. It has caused a great shock to the Russian society, the economy has almost collapsed, and the living standards of the common people have fallen sharply and paid a huge price. People in shock, began to reflect on the road to democratization in Russia. Scholars at home and abroad have written books, trying to make or criticize the democratization of Russia, or draw lessons from it, or explain the conclusion. It can be said that Russia's experience of democratization is of great value to any country in transition. In this paper, the author chooses the dimension of traditional political culture which can best reflect the uniqueness of Russia, that is, the perspective of Russia's unique traditional value concept, and gives a certain analysis and explanation to the internal logic of its democratic process. It is hoped that it will provide useful enlightenment to China's reform process. This paper first gives a panoramic explanation of the causes, ways, paths and internal logic of Russian democratization, which makes this paper have a comprehensive grasp of Russian democratization. In the course of the discussion, especially when thinking about the core of Russia's most unique traditional political culture, it is felt that the Russian people are changing their understanding of liberalism. And from the acquiescence of "controllable democracy" to putting forward the concept of "sovereign democracy", a kind of cognitive concept of state plays a great role in it. From the orientation of liberal democracy in the first stage of democratization to the turn of authoritarianism in the second stage, to Putin's strategic goal of "reviving" Russia's status as a major power in "Russian thought," All reflect the Russian national concept of the national development of a germplasm pursuit. The system of separation of powers with the president as the core, namely the super presidential system, was created by Russia, and Putin went further, making the power of the state become the unshakable authority in Russian politics and social life, which is the best embodiment of this pursuit. To some extent, this proves that the historical inertia of Russian traditional political culture exists objectively. It can be seen that the inherent dilemma of Russian democratization is the conflict between Russian traditional political culture and western liberal democratic values, so it is necessary to realize the development of Russian democratization. First of all, we should further improve the existing political system, second, through the development of our own civil society to build a democratic political culture, from these two aspects to achieve the consolidation and further development of its democracy. Therefore, this paper selects Russia's national concept, the establishment and perfection of Russian political system and civil society to further explain the democratization of Russia, hoping to achieve the desired results.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D751.2
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前3条
1 陶林;转型时期俄罗斯利益集团政治参与研究[D];南京师范大学;2011年
2 姚亮;中国民主化进程中的社会风险研究[D];中共中央党校;2010年
3 张在范;俄罗斯劳动法利益平衡理念的实现机制[D];黑龙江大学;2012年
，本文编号：2161668
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/guojizhengzhilunwen/2161668.html
