本土社会与外来国家:非洲国家构建的社会逻辑
发布时间：2018-08-19 11:03
【摘要】：在后殖民时期的非洲,国家构建的困难与非洲本土社会的组织方式及其历史演变之间存在着密切的联系。在前殖民时期的非洲,无论是"无国家社会"还是"酋长地社会"均是集权程度很低的社会形态。这很大程度上是由于非洲本土社会缺乏对权力集中的强烈需求,而后者又与流动农业下土地资源的相对丰富、土地权利的模糊化以及阶级分化的不明显直接相关。殖民主义的到来改变了非洲本土社会组织方式的性质,使其从前殖民时期的基于族群和血缘联系之上的道德秩序,蜕变为一种依赖于殖民国家暴力支撑的专制秩序。非洲本土社会组织方式的变化对后殖民时期国家构建带来了两大挑战,即社会的极大碎片化与政治的非正式化。文章最后讨论了米格代尔"社会中的国家"视角在非洲政治研究中的价值,以及将人类学、历史学和其他学科非洲研究成果运用于非洲政治研究的必要性。
[Abstract]:In postcolonial Africa, there is a close relationship between the difficulties of national construction and the organization and historical evolution of African native society. In pre-colonial Africa, either the stateless society or the sheikh society was a low degree of centralization. This is largely due to the lack of a strong demand for concentration of power in African indigenous societies, which is directly related to the relative abundance of land resources in mobile agriculture, the blurring of land rights and the lack of class differentiation. The arrival of colonialism changed the nature of the organization of African native society, and transformed the moral order based on ethnic group and kinship in the former colonial period into an autocratic order dependent on the violence of colonial powers. The change of social organization in Africa has brought two challenges to the construction of postcolonial countries, that is, the great fragmentation of society and the informalization of politics. Finally, the paper discusses the value of MIG Dyer's "State in Society" perspective in African political studies, and the necessity of applying the African research results of anthropology, history and other disciplines to African political studies.
【作者单位】： 中央编译局全球治理与发展战略研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“非洲国家治理失效的比较研究”[项目编号:15CZZ005] 中央编译局哲学社会科学基金重点项目“走向国家失效之路:从民主刚果到索马里”[项目编号:13A03]的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D74
，
本文编号：2191469
[Abstract]:In postcolonial Africa, there is a close relationship between the difficulties of national construction and the organization and historical evolution of African native society. In pre-colonial Africa, either the stateless society or the sheikh society was a low degree of centralization. This is largely due to the lack of a strong demand for concentration of power in African indigenous societies, which is directly related to the relative abundance of land resources in mobile agriculture, the blurring of land rights and the lack of class differentiation. The arrival of colonialism changed the nature of the organization of African native society, and transformed the moral order based on ethnic group and kinship in the former colonial period into an autocratic order dependent on the violence of colonial powers. The change of social organization in Africa has brought two challenges to the construction of postcolonial countries, that is, the great fragmentation of society and the informalization of politics. Finally, the paper discusses the value of MIG Dyer's "State in Society" perspective in African political studies, and the necessity of applying the African research results of anthropology, history and other disciplines to African political studies.
【作者单位】： 中央编译局全球治理与发展战略研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“非洲国家治理失效的比较研究”[项目编号:15CZZ005] 中央编译局哲学社会科学基金重点项目“走向国家失效之路:从民主刚果到索马里”[项目编号:13A03]的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D74
，
本文编号：2191469
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