前苏联意识形态建设的过失研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 13:47

【摘要】：上世纪80年代末苏联解体，其政治经济形态发生了巨大变化，从此苏联不复存在。关于苏联解体的原因，学术界存在多种观点，但较为一致的观点便是苏联在意识形态建设上的过失在苏联解体的过程中起到了关键作用。初期，列宁在考虑了苏联国内实际情况后，使之与马克思主义理论相结合，同时也使得马克思主义得到了进一步的继承和发展。列宁在整体上很好地把握了马克思主义学说，始终坚持新时代的无产阶级革命运动要与马克思主义相结合。这也让马克思主义在当时得到了极大程度的运用，也进一步完善了马克思主义，为前苏联在经济、政治、文化方面的大发展打下了坚实的基础。然而，斯大林领导时期的苏联意识形态建设逐渐出现了问题，其主流意识形态理论存在的问题及其影响，主要表现在苏联模式的绝对化、思想教育工作的停滞、列宁主义的教条化及其导致的思想僵化；在教条主义对苏联意识形态建设产生极大的负面影响的同时，其国内文化宣传工作错位，导致西方文化开始无序无限制渗入。在对待西方资本主义意识形态的态度上，，从盲目排斥到无序引入且承认其合理性，导致了苏联后期文化氛围混乱，而最终引起苏联反社会主义思潮的爆发。前苏联意识形态建设为我国社会主义意识形态的建设提供了重要的经验，更有着值得重视的启示。通过对前苏联意识形态建设过失的研究并充分考虑我国当前意识形态发展的实际情况，可以得到的启示有：我国应始终将马克思主义置于绝对的指导地位，要持之以恒地创新和发展马克思主义；加强马克思在社会科学领域中的指导作用；必须正确处理意识形态领域的矛盾和斗争；充分认识舆论导向的关键作用，并控制正确的舆论导向，从而防止西方意识形态的各种途径的渗透。
[Abstract]:The Soviet Union disintegrated in the late 1980 s, and its political and economic forms changed greatly, and the Soviet Union ceased to exist. There are many views on the causes of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, but the more consistent view is that the Soviet Union's mistakes in ideological construction played a key role in the process of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. At the beginning, Lenin combined it with Marxist theory after considering the actual situation in the Soviet Union, and at the same time made Marxism get further inheritance and development. As a whole, Lenin grasped the theory of Marxism and insisted that the proletarian revolutionary movement in the new era should be combined with Marxism. This allowed Marxism to be used to a great extent at that time, and further improved Marxism, which laid a solid foundation for the great economic, political and cultural development of the former Soviet Union. However, during Stalin's leadership period, problems appeared in the ideological construction of the Soviet Union, and the problems in the mainstream ideology theory and its influence were mainly manifested in the absolutization of the Soviet model and the stagnation of ideological education. The dogmatism of Leninism and its ideological ossification; while dogmatism had a great negative impact on the ideological construction of the Soviet Union, its domestic cultural propaganda work was misplaced, which led to the unordered and unlimited infiltration of western culture. The attitude towards western capitalist ideology, from blind exclusion to disorderly introduction and recognition of its rationality, led to the confusion of the cultural atmosphere in the late Soviet Union, and finally caused the outbreak of anti-socialist ideological trend in the Soviet Union. The ideological construction of the former Soviet Union has provided important experience for the construction of socialist ideology in our country, and has more important enlightenment. Through the study of the mistakes in the ideological construction of the former Soviet Union and the consideration of the actual situation of the current ideological development in our country, we can get some enlightenment: our country should always put Marxism in the absolute guiding position. We must persistently innovate and develop Marxism; strengthen Marx's guiding role in the field of social sciences; must correctly handle contradictions and struggles in the ideological field; and fully understand the key role of public opinion guidance. And control the correct guidance of public opinion, so as to prevent the infiltration of various ways of Western ideology.
【学位授予单位】：安庆师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D751.2

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