东南亚的庇护政党制刍议——以菲律宾、泰国及印度尼西亚为例

发布时间：2018-08-27 06:59

【摘要】：在东南亚十国的政治发展及政党体制变化历程中,菲律宾、泰国及印度尼西亚有着很多的共性。三个国家都是在20世纪八九十年代完成了从威权向民主的转型,政党体制也从原先的"优势政党制"转变成为多党竞争制。相比较而言,其它国家或者仍走在威权体制下一党独大的道路上(如新加坡、马来西亚及柬埔寨),或者仍处于民主转型的过程中(如缅甸)。然而,这三国在完成政治转型后的民主巩固阶段,却形成了独特的侍从式庇护政党制,表面繁荣的多党竞争实质上依赖从上至下、覆盖整个社会的庇护网络方得运转。此种非体制化的庇护关系必然导致政党政治中充斥着利益交换与金钱政治,对其国内政治影响颇大。
[Abstract]:In the process of political development and party system change in ten Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia have a lot in common. All three countries completed the transition from authoritarianism to democracy in the 1980s and 1990s, and the political party system changed from the "superior party system" to the multi-party competition system. By contrast, other countries are either still on the path of one-party dominance under authoritarian regimes (as in Singapore, Malaysia and Cambodia) or are still in the process of democratic transition (as in Myanmar). However, in the stage of democratic consolidation after the political transformation, these three countries have formed a unique patronage party system, and the seemingly prosperous multi-party competition actually depends on the protection network that covers the whole society from top to bottom. This kind of non-institutional sheltering relationship inevitably leads to the political parties full of exchange of interests and money politics, which has a great influence on their domestic politics.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：2013年度国家社会科学基金项目(青年项目)“东南亚的庇护主义与华侨华人群体研究”(13CMZ057) 华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务经费项目“欧亚社会转型比较研究”(CCNU11CO2007)
【分类号】：D733

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