埃塞俄比亚民族关系与民族治理研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 11:19

【摘要】：民族关系和民族治理模式是影响世界多民族国家稳定和发展的重要因素。埃塞俄比亚民族众多,民族关系错综复杂,在非洲国家中具有相当的典型性。历史上,埃塞民族摩擦和冲突频繁。现阶段,该国民族关系整体上较为平稳和谐,各民族在经济发展利益方面的诉求和竞争成为民族关系的最主要问题。埃塞的民族治理方式亦经历了复杂的历史演变过程:从帝制时代的"专制同化",到军政府时期的"民族识别"和"民族区域自治",再到梅莱斯时代的"民族联邦制",当前则处于"后梅莱斯时代"各种复杂"变因"交互作用的关键时期。整体来看,埃塞政府在民族治理理念和政策方面的变革是进步性的——逐渐由狭隘、反动和落后走向宽容、积极和进步。尤其是现行的"民族联邦制",在民族差异化发展、实行民族分权与如何有效控制与防止分离主义挑战方面,极富参考借鉴价值。透过埃塞民族个案,我们应重新审视非洲民族研究的重要价值,客观看待与国际学术界存在的差异与差距,努力探索非洲民族研究的"中国范式"。
[Abstract]:Ethnic relations and national governance are important factors affecting the stability and development of multinational countries in the world. Ethiopia has a large number of nationalities and intricate ethnic relations, which is quite typical in African countries. Historically, there were frequent frictions and conflicts between Ethiopia and Serbia. At the present stage, the national relations in this country are relatively stable and harmonious as a whole, and the demands and competitions of the various nationalities in the interests of economic development have become the most important problems in the national relations. Ethiopia's national governance has also undergone a complicated historical evolution: from "autocratic assimilation" in the imperial era to "national identification" and "regional autonomy of ethnic minorities" during the military government period, and to the "national federation" in Meles' time. At present, it is in the key period of the interaction of various complex factors in the post-Meles era. On the whole, the change in the concept and policy of national governance of Ethiopia government is progressive-gradually from narrow, reactionary and backward to tolerant, positive and progressive. In particular, the current "national federalism" is of great reference value in the development of national differentiation, the implementation of national decentralization and how to effectively control and prevent the challenge of separatism. Through the case of Ethiopia, we should re-examine the important value of African ethnic studies, objectively look at the differences and gaps with the international academic circles, and try our best to explore the "Chinese paradigm" of African ethnic studies.
【作者单位】：中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院世界民族教研室;中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院;
【基金】：2013年中非联合研究交流计划中的学术交流项目“非洲部族、民族关系调查与比较分析”(JL201312)的支持
【分类号】：D742.1

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