论美国的朝鲜半岛战略及其影响

发布时间：2018-09-09 16:49

【摘要】：朝鲜半岛问题是当今国际社会的热点话题之一，具体包括朝鲜核问题、朝鲜发展问题、南北紧张对峙、朝鲜半岛统一等方面。朝鲜半岛同时也是中、美、日、俄四大国利益的交汇之处，冷战结束后各国纷纷加大了对这一地区的战略关注。美国是冷战后唯一的超级大国，在朝鲜半岛拥有重要利益。为维护全球领导地位，美国在战后也加大了在朝鲜半岛的战略投入，通过调整军事部署、强化同盟关系、增加军事演习等措施，构建针对朝鲜和潜在地区大国的防御链。美国的朝鲜半岛战略从国际战略构成要素分析，包括美国在朝鲜半岛的国家利益、战略目标、战略环境、战略决策、战略模式等几个方面。本文认为美国在朝鲜半岛主要有三大利益形态，即地缘政治利益、国家安全利益和意识形态利益。为了维护地区利益，美国试图维持朝鲜半岛不统不战的局面，从而为保持在这一地区的前沿存在提供借口。冷战结束后，，美国历届政府的朝鲜半岛战略始终以遏制战略为根本。当朝鲜半岛局势紧张加剧的时候，美国也会采取接触与缓和的政策予以配合，但美国对朝鲜半岛的总体战略思维没有改变，仍然是沿用冷战思维和遏制思维。在战略模式的运用方面，美国的朝鲜半岛战略主要是通过对朝遏制与对韩结盟两条路径实现的。从国际战略的角度分析一国对外政策，有助于系统地、宏观地把握其政策目标和战略走向。其中针对美国与朝鲜半岛关系，本文提出了理解国家关系的三种范式，分别是权力政治、制度规范和文化观念，这有助于我们更好地理解美国与朝鲜半岛的关系互动。美国朝鲜半岛战略的实施，对地区国际关系尤其是大国关系产生一定影响，在一定程度上决定了朝鲜半岛乃至整个东北亚地区的和平与稳定。这种影响对中国也具有直接的现实意义，因为美国对朝鲜半岛的战略目标就有针对地区大国主要是中国的一面。随着中国改革开放步伐的加快，尤其是开始重视东北亚地区发展与合作，美国的朝鲜半岛战略对中国的作用力将更加凸显。它不仅对中国政治外交产生影响，也对中国地缘经济发展以及国防安全构成潜在威胁。因此，只有正确认识和把握美国朝鲜半岛战略的演变规律，才能更好地指导我们国家制定对朝鲜半岛问题的政策立场，从而为东北亚地区稳定以及世界和平与发展事业做出积极贡献。
[Abstract]:The Korean Peninsula issue is one of the hot topics in the international community today, including the nuclear issue of the DPRK, the development of the DPRK, the tense confrontation between the North and the South, the reunification of the Korean Peninsula, and so on. The Korean Peninsula is also a place where the interests of China, the United States, Japan and Russia converge. After the end of the Cold War, countries have increased their strategic attention to the region. The United States is the only superpower after the cold war, with important interests on the Korean peninsula. In order to maintain global leadership, the United States also increased its strategic investment in the Korean Peninsula after the war. By adjusting military deployment, strengthening alliance relations, increasing military exercises and other measures, the United States constructed a defense chain aimed at North Korea and potential regional powers. The strategy of the United States on the Korean Peninsula is analyzed from the elements of international strategy, including the national interests of the United States on the Korean Peninsula, strategic objectives, strategic environment, strategic decision-making, strategic model, and so on. This paper holds that the United States has three main forms of interests on the Korean Peninsula, namely, geopolitical interests, national security interests and ideological interests. In order to safeguard the interests of the region, the United States tried to maintain the situation of non-reunification or non-war on the Korean peninsula, thus providing an excuse for maintaining its frontier presence in the region. Since the end of the Cold War, the Korean Peninsula strategy of successive US administrations has always been based on containment strategy. When the tension on the Korean Peninsula intensifies, the United States will also adopt a policy of contact and relaxation, but the overall strategic thinking of the United States on the Korean peninsula has not changed, and it still follows the Cold War thinking and the thinking of containment. In the application of the strategic model, the strategy of the United States on the Korean Peninsula is mainly achieved through containment to the DPRK and alliance with the ROK. Analyzing a country's foreign policy from the angle of international strategy is helpful to grasp its policy goal and strategic trend systematically and macroscopically. In view of the relationship between the United States and the Korean Peninsula, this paper puts forward three paradigms of understanding the relationship between the United States and the Korean Peninsula, namely, power politics, institutional norms and cultural concepts, which is helpful for us to better understand the interaction between the United States and the Korean Peninsula. The implementation of the Korean Peninsula strategy of the United States has a certain impact on the regional international relations, especially the relations of the great powers, and to a certain extent determines the peace and stability of the Korean Peninsula and the whole Northeast Asia. This kind of influence also has direct realistic significance to China, because the strategic target of the United States towards the Korean peninsula has the side of China as the main regional power. With the acceleration of China's reform and opening up, especially the emphasis on the development and cooperation in Northeast Asia, the Korean Peninsula strategy of the United States will play a more important role in China. It not only has an impact on China's political diplomacy, but also poses a potential threat to China's geo-economic development and national defense security. Therefore, only by correctly understanding and grasping the evolving law of the US Korean Peninsula strategy can we better guide our country in formulating its policy position on the Korean Peninsula issue. This will contribute positively to the stability of Northeast Asia and the cause of world peace and development.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2;D731

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