美国枪支控制政策的演变及其对美国社会的影响
发布时间：2018-09-11 15:42
【摘要】：作为美国最典型的社会问题之一,枪支犯罪已经困扰了美国政府很长一段时间。自从宪法第二修正案做出了关于“持有和携带枪支”的规定,整个国家关于枪支控制的争论就一直没有停息。 为了更好地了解枪控之争的根源,本文重点研究了美国联邦政府枪支管制政策的演变过程及其对美国社会产生的影响。首先,第一章介绍了本文的研究目的,并回顾了相关文献的内容。第二章则解释了英国背景对于美国宪法第二修正案的影响,并分析了民兵在美国殖民地经历及独立革命中发挥的作用,从中我们可以看出:修正案中提及的“民兵”是指由政府组织各州自行管理的武装力量,绝非反对枪控者所说的“全体民众”;而修正案制定者的真正目的是保证民兵最为武装力量抗衡联邦政府的地位,使其能够维护各州的自由。本章还介绍了最高法院对于相关案件的决议,作为该结论的佐证。 在第三章中,作者对联邦政府制定的六个重要枪控法案一一作了介绍,它们分别是1934年国家枪支法案、1938年联邦枪支法案、1968年枪支控制法案、1993年布莱迪法案、1994年控制暴力犯罪和实施相关法律的法案、以及1996年家庭暴力犯罪者枪支使用禁令。本章不仅分析了各个法案颁布之时的社会背景,还详细介绍了各个法案的重要条款。对这些条款进行的比较揭示出美国枪支控制政策发展的趋势,即枪控政策变得日益严格;但整个发展过程是曲折前进的,而非简单的直线前进,这种前进方式生动地反映了支持枪控者和反对枪控者两种势力之间的较量。 本文的第四章讨论了一个更为实际的话题:美国联邦政府的枪支控制政策对美国社会,或者更确切地说,对美国的经济领域和社会安全领域产生了何种影响。作者首先分析了1968年枪支控制法案和1994年突击类枪支禁令对枪支工业的进口和国内生产的影响,对相关数据的研究表明:1968年枪支控制法案导致相关枪支的进口在法案实施前急剧增长,但在法案实施后出现了大幅回落,而相关枪支的国内产量则是持续的增长。同时,突击类枪支禁令也导致了相关枪支的进口和国内生产在达到了峰值后,出现持续下降。此外,本文还分析了突击类枪支禁令对持枪犯罪率的影响,以及对枪支导致的受伤和死亡率的影 响。数据分析表明:该禁令对上述两项产生了积极的影响,有效降低了持枪犯罪率和枪支导致的伤害及死亡率。在第五章中,作者总结了本文的重要观点,并得出如下结论:美国联邦政府的枪支管制政策正朝着日益严格的方向发展,而决定这种发展趋势的重要因素则是枪支管制政策的支持者和反对者之间的力量抗衡。由于这种抗衡,虽然数据表明诸如1994年突击类枪支禁令的法律对美国社会产生了积极的影响,包括大规模的减少了持枪犯罪率,美国联邦政府在最近10年仍然没能颁布任何新的枪支控制政策,更何况布莱迪法案已经于2004年失效。所以,对于美国政府而言,枪支控制的最终实现仍然面临漫漫长路。
[Abstract]:As one of the most typical social problems in the United States, gun crime has plagued the U.S. government for a long time.
In order to better understand the root of the controversy over gun control, this paper focuses on the evolution of the federal government's gun control policy and its impact on American society. Firstly, the first chapter introduces the purpose of this study and reviews the relevant literature. The second chapter explains the background of Britain for the Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. We can see from the analysis of the role played by the militia in the colonial experience and the independent revolution of the United States that the "militia" referred to in the Amendment refers to the armed forces organized by the government and administered by the States themselves, and is by no means opposed to what gun controllers call "the whole people"; and the real purpose of the enactment of the Amendment is to ensure the militia. This chapter also introduces the Supreme Court's decisions on relevant cases as evidence of this conclusion.
In the third chapter, the author introduces six important gun control Acts enacted by the federal government. They are the National Gun Act of 1934, the Federal Gun Act of 1938, the Gun Control Act of 1968, the Brady Act of 1993, the Act on the Control of Violent Crimes and the Implementation of Related Laws in 1994, and the Domestic Violent Offenders'Guns of 1996. This chapter not only analyzes the social background of each bill, but also introduces the important provisions of each bill. The comparison of these Provisions reveals the trend of the development of the gun control policy in the United States, that is, the gun control policy has become increasingly stringent; but the whole development process is tortuous, not a simple straight line. Forward, this way of forward vividly reflects the contest between the two forces that support and oppose gun control.
Chapter 4 of this paper discusses a more practical topic: what impact the federal government's gun control policy has on American society, or rather, on the economic and social security spheres of the United States. The author first analyzes the impact of the 1968 Gun Control Act and the 1994 assault gun ban on the gun industry. Impacts of the Gun Control Act of 1968 on the import of related firearms before the implementation of the Act, but after the implementation of the Act there has been a sharp decline in domestic production of related firearms is a continuous growth. At the same time, the assault ban on firearms also led to the import of related firearms. In addition, the impact of the ban on assault firearms on the rate of gun-holding crimes and the effects on gun-related injuries and mortality are also analyzed.
Data analysis shows that the ban has a positive impact on the above two items, effectively reducing the rate of gun crime and the injury and mortality caused by guns. An important factor in this trend is the confrontation between supporters and opponents of gun control policies. Because of this confrontation, although the data show that laws such as the 1994 assault gun ban have had a positive impact on American society, including a massive reduction in gun crime, the federal government has in the last decade No new gun control policies have yet been enacted, let alone the Brady Act, which expired in 2004. So, for the U.S. government, the ultimate realization of gun control still faces a long way to go.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D771.2
本文编号：2237121
[Abstract]:As one of the most typical social problems in the United States, gun crime has plagued the U.S. government for a long time.
In order to better understand the root of the controversy over gun control, this paper focuses on the evolution of the federal government's gun control policy and its impact on American society. Firstly, the first chapter introduces the purpose of this study and reviews the relevant literature. The second chapter explains the background of Britain for the Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. We can see from the analysis of the role played by the militia in the colonial experience and the independent revolution of the United States that the "militia" referred to in the Amendment refers to the armed forces organized by the government and administered by the States themselves, and is by no means opposed to what gun controllers call "the whole people"; and the real purpose of the enactment of the Amendment is to ensure the militia. This chapter also introduces the Supreme Court's decisions on relevant cases as evidence of this conclusion.
In the third chapter, the author introduces six important gun control Acts enacted by the federal government. They are the National Gun Act of 1934, the Federal Gun Act of 1938, the Gun Control Act of 1968, the Brady Act of 1993, the Act on the Control of Violent Crimes and the Implementation of Related Laws in 1994, and the Domestic Violent Offenders'Guns of 1996. This chapter not only analyzes the social background of each bill, but also introduces the important provisions of each bill. The comparison of these Provisions reveals the trend of the development of the gun control policy in the United States, that is, the gun control policy has become increasingly stringent; but the whole development process is tortuous, not a simple straight line. Forward, this way of forward vividly reflects the contest between the two forces that support and oppose gun control.
Chapter 4 of this paper discusses a more practical topic: what impact the federal government's gun control policy has on American society, or rather, on the economic and social security spheres of the United States. The author first analyzes the impact of the 1968 Gun Control Act and the 1994 assault gun ban on the gun industry. Impacts of the Gun Control Act of 1968 on the import of related firearms before the implementation of the Act, but after the implementation of the Act there has been a sharp decline in domestic production of related firearms is a continuous growth. At the same time, the assault ban on firearms also led to the import of related firearms. In addition, the impact of the ban on assault firearms on the rate of gun-holding crimes and the effects on gun-related injuries and mortality are also analyzed.
Data analysis shows that the ban has a positive impact on the above two items, effectively reducing the rate of gun crime and the injury and mortality caused by guns. An important factor in this trend is the confrontation between supporters and opponents of gun control policies. Because of this confrontation, although the data show that laws such as the 1994 assault gun ban have had a positive impact on American society, including a massive reduction in gun crime, the federal government has in the last decade No new gun control policies have yet been enacted, let alone the Brady Act, which expired in 2004. So, for the U.S. government, the ultimate realization of gun control still faces a long way to go.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D771.2
【引证文献】
中国硕士学位论文全文数据库 前2条
1 王玮;美国枪支管理法及其对中国的启示[D];湖南大学;2010年
2 冯欣;美国《1968年枪支管制法》研究[D];哈尔滨师范大学;2012年
，本文编号：2237121
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