大国崛起的地缘政治战略演化——以美国为例

发布时间：2018-09-11 20:55

【摘要】：作为全球性大国,美国地缘政治战略的制定和实施极大地影响了世界经济与政治格局。系统分析美国所处的地缘区位特征,并归纳美国崛起的地缘政治战略阶段演化及不同阶段的地缘战略特点。远隔重洋为其建国营造了相对独立的优越环境;美国是美洲唯一的强权,控制着美洲大陆的核心;美国本土地势广阔且平坦,具有全球最大的宜居和连续适宜耕种土地。依托于优良的地缘区位,美国自1776年建国以来,历经独立与建国、大陆扩张、海外扩张、世界秩序搭建、全球霸权等地缘政治发展阶段。在其崛起过程中,美国的地缘政治战略表现出不同发展阶段制定相应的地缘政治战略;美国"国家利益"为核心的大陆控制战略;强化海权的战略保障力量;国际秩序体系的制定、维护;价值观的输出与推广等特点。美国崛起对中国的启示在于:崛起阶段,中国决策者有必要积极参与和制定涉及货币、贸易等重要方面的全球治理秩序;提高海权的战略保障力量;通过"一带一路"确保中国在欧亚大陆的核心地位;制定中国全面、长期和完善的地缘战略图谱;提升中国的软实力;加强地缘战略研究智库建设。
[Abstract]:As a global power, the formulation and implementation of American geopolitical strategy have greatly affected the world economic and political pattern. This paper systematically analyzes the geo-location characteristics of the United States, and sums up the evolution of the geopolitical strategy stage of America's rise and the geostrategic characteristics of different stages. The distant ocean created a relatively independent and superior environment for its founding; the United States was the only power in the Americas, controlling the core of the American continent; the native United States was vast and flat, with the largest habitable and continuous arable land in the world. Relying on the good geographical location, since the founding of the United States in 1776, the United States has gone through the stages of geopolitical development, such as independence and statehood, continental expansion, overseas expansion, establishment of world order, global hegemony, and so on. In the process of its rise, the geopolitical strategy of the United States shows the corresponding geopolitical strategy at different stages of development, the continental control strategy with "national interests" as the core, the strengthening of the strategic guarantee of maritime power, and the development of the United States. The establishment and maintenance of international order system, the export and promotion of values and so on. The enlightenment of the rise of the United States to China lies in: at the rising stage, it is necessary for Chinese policy makers to actively participate in and formulate the global governance order involving important aspects such as currency, trade, etc. Through "Belt and Road" to ensure China's core position in Eurasia; to formulate a comprehensive, long-term and perfect geo-strategic map of China; to enhance China's soft power; and to strengthen the construction of geo-strategic research think-tank.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;中国西南地缘环境与边疆发展协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41530634,41530751) 云南省中国西南地缘环境与边疆发展协同创新中心开放课题中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院重大咨询项目(Y02015001) 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所特色所培育项目(Y55R1203YZ)
【分类号】：D771.2

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