韩国政党体系变迁动因与模式研究
发布时间：2018-10-13 09:38
【摘要】： 韩国政党变迁的繁复与西方国家有着极大的不同，不断摆动的政党体系是其重要特征，如何看待并描述其过程与模式是韩国学研究的重要课题。本文拟用外部环境、内部因素与制度因素三个层面的体系分析方法来观察政党体系的变动，并论证其变迁模式。 从韩国政党体系的历史轨迹看，共经历了形成时期、威权时期、军人统治时期和民主转型时期等4个时期，政党体系的变动模式在不同阶段表现出迥异的特征。形成时期的国际环境影响、威权时期的政治权威、军人统治时期的无奈与抗争、民主转型时期的混乱与延续，都留下了深深的烙印。 从外因来看，国际体系、特别是南北关系，即“北风”因素对于韩国“保守一边倒”政党体系的形成发挥了主要作用，确定了政党体系的发展方向。而从社会与经济因素来看，地区主义与阶层分化使韩国保守势力占优势的政党体系不会在近期内发生大的变化，社会因素的分化和演化使地区主义扩大的趋势延续，韩国政党体系将会继续“保守一边倒”的动态变化总趋势。 从内因来看，内部单位是推动政党体系变迁的重要行为体。法律基础和法律地位，以及政党组织结构特点都决定了韩国政党的“个人化”特点和派系的繁盛。韩国的精英和派系客观上促进了政党的聚散分合，推动了政党体系的变化与发展。在行为方式上，韩国精英政治人多以“权力依附”、“魅力依附”的方式，派系多依靠“弱合强独”、“弱联强分”的方式推动政党体系的变化。 从制度层面看，韩国政治规则的形成、变动和稳定是影响政党体系的重要因素，不断更改的制度也推动了政党体系的变革。而总统选举和国会议员选举等制度的变迁则体现着政党体系变迁的体现和时机，，发挥着间接的，而不是决定性的影响。选举为政党体系提供了变化的基本框架，限制了变化的幅度和时间，是观察政党变动的重要因素和观察依据。 综合来看，韩国政党体系的变动是外部环境与内部单位之间存在着结构性关联的政治现象；政党体系变迁的动力源泉是外部环境，而推动变化的行为主体是政治人与派系。可以预见，随着未来环境因素和主要行为主体将趋于稳定，不断往复于多党与两党体系间的“钟摆”将停滞下来，政党体系趋于稳定化。
[Abstract]:The complexity of the changes of Korean political parties is very different from that of western countries, and the constantly swinging political party system is its important characteristic. How to view and describe its process and mode is an important subject in the study of Korean studies. This paper intends to observe the changes of the political party system and demonstrate its vicissitude mode by using the system analysis methods of external environment, internal factors and institutional factors. From the historical track of the Korean political party system, it has experienced four periods, namely, the forming period, the authoritarian period, the military rule period and the democratic transition period. The change mode of the political party system shows different characteristics in different stages. The influence of international environment during the formation period, the political authority in the period of authoritarianism, the helplessness and struggle in the period of military rule, and the chaos and continuation in the period of democratic transformation have all left a deep imprint. From the external perspective, the international system, especially the relationship between the north and the south, that is, the "north wind" factor, has played a major role in the formation of the "conservative one-sided" political party system in South Korea, and determined the development direction of the political party system. In terms of social and economic factors, regionalism and stratification make the dominant political party system of conservative forces in Korea unlikely to undergo major changes in the near future, and the differentiation and evolution of social factors continue the trend of regionalism expanding. South Korea's party system will continue to be "conservative one-sided" dynamic trend of change. From the internal cause, the internal unit is an important actor to promote the change of the political party system. The legal basis and legal status, as well as the organizational structure of the political parties, all determine the "individualized" characteristics of the Korean political parties and the prosperity of the factions. South Korea's elite and factions objectively promote the integration of political parties and promote the change and development of the political party system. In terms of behavior, South Korean elite politicians mostly rely on "power dependence" and "charm dependence", and factions rely on "weak combination of strong independence" and "weak alliance of strong points" to promote the change of political party system. From the system level, the formation, change and stability of Korean political rules are the important factors that affect the political party system, and the constantly changing system also promotes the change of the political party system. The changes of the system, such as the presidential election and the Congressional election, reflect the embodiment and timing of the change of the political party system, and play an indirect, not a decisive role. The election provides the basic framework for the change of the political party system, limits the range and time of the change, and is an important factor and basis for observing the change of the political party. In a word, the change of the political party system in Korea is a political phenomenon with structural connection between the external environment and the internal units, and the motive source of the change of the political party system is the external environment, and the main actors driving the change are the political person and the faction. It can be predicted that with the stabilization of environmental factors and main actors in the future, the pendulum between the multi-party system and the two-party system will stagnate and the political party system will become stable.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D731.26
本文编号：2268136
[Abstract]:The complexity of the changes of Korean political parties is very different from that of western countries, and the constantly swinging political party system is its important characteristic. How to view and describe its process and mode is an important subject in the study of Korean studies. This paper intends to observe the changes of the political party system and demonstrate its vicissitude mode by using the system analysis methods of external environment, internal factors and institutional factors. From the historical track of the Korean political party system, it has experienced four periods, namely, the forming period, the authoritarian period, the military rule period and the democratic transition period. The change mode of the political party system shows different characteristics in different stages. The influence of international environment during the formation period, the political authority in the period of authoritarianism, the helplessness and struggle in the period of military rule, and the chaos and continuation in the period of democratic transformation have all left a deep imprint. From the external perspective, the international system, especially the relationship between the north and the south, that is, the "north wind" factor, has played a major role in the formation of the "conservative one-sided" political party system in South Korea, and determined the development direction of the political party system. In terms of social and economic factors, regionalism and stratification make the dominant political party system of conservative forces in Korea unlikely to undergo major changes in the near future, and the differentiation and evolution of social factors continue the trend of regionalism expanding. South Korea's party system will continue to be "conservative one-sided" dynamic trend of change. From the internal cause, the internal unit is an important actor to promote the change of the political party system. The legal basis and legal status, as well as the organizational structure of the political parties, all determine the "individualized" characteristics of the Korean political parties and the prosperity of the factions. South Korea's elite and factions objectively promote the integration of political parties and promote the change and development of the political party system. In terms of behavior, South Korean elite politicians mostly rely on "power dependence" and "charm dependence", and factions rely on "weak combination of strong independence" and "weak alliance of strong points" to promote the change of political party system. From the system level, the formation, change and stability of Korean political rules are the important factors that affect the political party system, and the constantly changing system also promotes the change of the political party system. The changes of the system, such as the presidential election and the Congressional election, reflect the embodiment and timing of the change of the political party system, and play an indirect, not a decisive role. The election provides the basic framework for the change of the political party system, limits the range and time of the change, and is an important factor and basis for observing the change of the political party. In a word, the change of the political party system in Korea is a political phenomenon with structural connection between the external environment and the internal units, and the motive source of the change of the political party system is the external environment, and the main actors driving the change are the political person and the faction. It can be predicted that with the stabilization of environmental factors and main actors in the future, the pendulum between the multi-party system and the two-party system will stagnate and the political party system will become stable.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D731.26
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