美国官员财产申报制度论析

发布时间：2018-10-13 17:12

【摘要】：财产申报制度作为行之有效的反腐措施为许多国家和地区所采用,且被喻为“阳光法案”。其目的都是为了约束政府公职人员的行为、防止腐败、增强政府的公信力等。财产申报制度,就是一系列有关财产申报登记的有效规范。主要是指法定范围内的公职人员按照法定时间和方式对个人及一定范围内的家庭成员拥有的财产(包括有形和无形财产)数量、来源、支配情况及其变化向特定机构进行申报,并由特定机构依法进行审查和公布,接受公众监督,以证明自己担任公职期间所有经济收入合法的一项政治制度。如果公职人员的财产状况明显超出其职务收入状况而无从解释其原因,将受到行政处分或法律制裁。美国的财产申报制度被公认为是世界上比较完备的反腐制度,1978年开始实施,它规定上至总统,下至普通官员,都必须按时如实填写财产申报表格,由联邦道德署负责收存,并接受公众查询和监督。除此之外,美国的财产申报制度对许多国家产生了重要的影响。本文主要由六章内容构成：第一章是绪论；第二章是财产申报制度概述,这一章主要阐明财产申报制度的起源、概念、构成与理论基础、功能等基本问题；第三章主要介绍美国官员财产申报制度形成的过程、构建的条件以及阻力因素；第四章是本文的核心部分,从申报人员、申报内容、申报时间、申报的受理机构、申报的形式以及申报的审查六个方面详细介绍了美国官员财产申报制度的内容；第五章是重点,主要根据第四章对美国官员财产申报制度内容的介绍,分析了美国官员财产申报制度的特点、作用以及存在的问题；第六章是本论文的结尾,根据前几章对美国官员财产申报制度的分析,得出了对完善我国财产申报制度立法有启示性的建议和结论。
[Abstract]:As an effective anti-corruption measure, property declaration system has been adopted by many countries and regions. Its purpose is to restrain the behavior of government officials, prevent corruption and enhance the credibility of the government. Property declaration system is a series of effective norms about property declaration and registration. Mainly refers to the number, source, disposition and changes of property (including tangible and intangible property) owned by public officials within the statutory scope to a specific institution in accordance with the time and manner prescribed by law to individuals and family members within a certain range, And a political system in which specific agencies review and publish in accordance with the law and are subject to public supervision in order to prove the legitimacy of all economic income during their public service. If the property of a public official is clearly in excess of his or her official income and cannot be explained, he or she will be subject to administrative sanctions or legal sanctions. The property declaration system in the United States has been recognized as a relatively complete anti-corruption system in the world. It has been implemented since 1978. It stipulates that up to the president and down to ordinary officials, the property declaration form must be filled out truthfully on time, and the Federal Ethics Agency is responsible for receiving and storing it. And accept public inquiry and supervision. In addition, the property declaration system in the United States has had an important impact on many countries. This paper consists of six chapters: the first chapter is an introduction, the second chapter is an overview of the property declaration system, this chapter mainly expounds the origin, concept, composition, theoretical basis, function and other basic issues of the property declaration system. The third chapter mainly introduces the formation process, the conditions of construction and the resistance factors of the property declaration system of American officials. Chapter four is the core part of this paper, from the declaration personnel, the declaration content, the declaration time, the declaration acceptance organization, the fourth chapter is the core part of this paper. The form of the declaration and the six aspects of the review of the declaration introduce in detail the contents of the property declaration system of US officials; the fifth chapter focuses on the introduction of the contents of the property declaration system of the US officials mainly according to Chapter IV. This paper analyzes the characteristics, functions and existing problems of the property declaration system of American officials. The sixth chapter is the end of this paper, according to the previous chapters of the analysis of the property declaration system of American officials, Some suggestions and conclusions are drawn to perfect the legislation of property declaration system in China.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D771.2

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