英国工党在布莱尔执政时期的对华政策的研究
发布时间：2018-10-23 16:34
【摘要】：1997年5月,布莱尔领导的新工党击败了执政长达18年之久的保守党,英国由此进入了工党时代,这也代表着由民主社会主义发展而来的社会民主主义相对于保守党信奉的新自由主义的胜利,这在欧洲整体政治气氛偏右的大环境下是非常有代表性的。上台后,工党政府为了改变当时冷战结束后不断下滑的国际地位,重新树立世界大国的形象,在"第三条道路"思想的指导下实行了一系列区别于保守党的外交政策:在对待英美特殊关系问题上,工党为了提升在欧洲的地位,成为连接美国与欧洲的纽带,积极密切与美国的关系,在许多国际问题与美国保持步调一致;在欧洲内部,英国实行了更为务实灵活的政策,在保持自己独立性的同时,积极参与欧洲一体化进程,谋求在欧洲的领导地位;在全球层面上,英国还奉行对外干涉主义,以人权为借口出兵科索沃和伊拉克,同时通过积极的外交斡旋参与国际热点问题,以此彰显英国的国际影响力。在这个大背景之下,工党政府也适时调整了对华政策。首先,香港问题的成功解决为英中关系的发展扫清了障碍,在此过程中,英国一方面积极发展与中国的经贸关系,对华投资额也逐年上升,布莱尔下台时,英国已是中国在欧盟最大的贸易伙伴和投资来源国;另一方面却在人权、香港等问题上接连向中国出招,试图对中国形成施压,实现其外交政策中的道德价值。分析其实质,布莱尔还是在外交政策中坚持以国家利益为重,通过两国首脑频繁互访带动中英全方位各领域的交流和发展。本文试图对二战后历届工党政府的对华政策做一梳理,分析不同时期工党的指导思想对外交政策的影响;通过对布莱尔执政时期主要外交战略的研究,分析其主要的外交实践。本文还试图从以价值观为导向的道德外交和以国家利益为重的务实外交两个方面,来研究这一时期工党政府的对华政策以及中英关系的发展。最后,本文在分析了影响布莱尔政府对华政策的因素的基础上,从进步之处、不足之处、政策实质等几个维度对其进行评估,以此来说明布莱尔执政时期的对华政策对于之后工党及后任政府的长远影响,实现本文研究的现实和理论意义。
[Abstract]:In May 1997, Blair's New Labour Party defeated the Conservative Party, which had been in power for 18 years, and Britain entered the Labour Party era. This also represents a triumph of social democracy developed from democratic socialism over the conservative neoliberalism, which is very representative of the overall political climate in Europe. After taking office, the Labor Party government re-established the image of a world power in order to change the international position that had been declining since the end of the cold war at that time. Guided by the idea of "the third way", the Labour Party was guided by a series of foreign policies distinct from the Conservative Party: in dealing with the special relationship between the United States and the United States, the Labour Party became the link between the United States and Europe in order to elevate its position in Europe. Active and close relations with the United States, keeping pace with the United States on many international issues. Within Europe, Britain has implemented a more pragmatic and flexible policy of actively participating in the process of European integration while maintaining its independence. Seeking leadership in Europe; at the global level, Britain also pursues foreign interventionism, sending troops to Kosovo and Iraq under the pretext of human rights, and participating in international hot issues through active diplomatic mediation. This demonstrates Britain's international influence. In this context, the Labour Government also timely adjusted its China policy. First of all, the successful settlement of the Hong Kong issue has cleared the way for the development of Anglo-Chinese relations. In the process, Britain on the one hand actively developed economic and trade relations with China, and its investment in China also increased year by year. When Blair stepped down, Britain is already China's largest trading partner and source of investment in the European Union. On the other hand, it has tried to exert pressure on China on issues such as human rights and Hong Kong in an attempt to realize its moral values in its foreign policy. After analyzing its essence, Blair insisted on focusing on the national interests in his foreign policy, and promoted the exchanges and development in all fields between China and Britain through frequent exchange of visits between the heads of state of the two countries. This paper attempts to sort out the policies of the successive Labor governments towards China after World War II, to analyze the influence of the guiding ideology of the Labor Party on foreign policy in different periods, and to analyze the main diplomatic practice of the Labor Party through the study of the main diplomatic strategies during Blair's reign. This paper also attempts to study the Chinese policy of the Labor government and the development of Sino-British relations in this period from two aspects: moral diplomacy oriented by values and pragmatic diplomacy with national interests as the most important. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the factors that influence Blair government's China policy, this paper evaluates it from the aspects of progress, deficiency, policy essence and so on. In order to illustrate the long-term impact of Blair's China policy on the Labour Party and the subsequent government, this paper realizes the practical and theoretical significance of this study.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D756.1
本文编号：2289833
[Abstract]:In May 1997, Blair's New Labour Party defeated the Conservative Party, which had been in power for 18 years, and Britain entered the Labour Party era. This also represents a triumph of social democracy developed from democratic socialism over the conservative neoliberalism, which is very representative of the overall political climate in Europe. After taking office, the Labor Party government re-established the image of a world power in order to change the international position that had been declining since the end of the cold war at that time. Guided by the idea of "the third way", the Labour Party was guided by a series of foreign policies distinct from the Conservative Party: in dealing with the special relationship between the United States and the United States, the Labour Party became the link between the United States and Europe in order to elevate its position in Europe. Active and close relations with the United States, keeping pace with the United States on many international issues. Within Europe, Britain has implemented a more pragmatic and flexible policy of actively participating in the process of European integration while maintaining its independence. Seeking leadership in Europe; at the global level, Britain also pursues foreign interventionism, sending troops to Kosovo and Iraq under the pretext of human rights, and participating in international hot issues through active diplomatic mediation. This demonstrates Britain's international influence. In this context, the Labour Government also timely adjusted its China policy. First of all, the successful settlement of the Hong Kong issue has cleared the way for the development of Anglo-Chinese relations. In the process, Britain on the one hand actively developed economic and trade relations with China, and its investment in China also increased year by year. When Blair stepped down, Britain is already China's largest trading partner and source of investment in the European Union. On the other hand, it has tried to exert pressure on China on issues such as human rights and Hong Kong in an attempt to realize its moral values in its foreign policy. After analyzing its essence, Blair insisted on focusing on the national interests in his foreign policy, and promoted the exchanges and development in all fields between China and Britain through frequent exchange of visits between the heads of state of the two countries. This paper attempts to sort out the policies of the successive Labor governments towards China after World War II, to analyze the influence of the guiding ideology of the Labor Party on foreign policy in different periods, and to analyze the main diplomatic practice of the Labor Party through the study of the main diplomatic strategies during Blair's reign. This paper also attempts to study the Chinese policy of the Labor government and the development of Sino-British relations in this period from two aspects: moral diplomacy oriented by values and pragmatic diplomacy with national interests as the most important. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the factors that influence Blair government's China policy, this paper evaluates it from the aspects of progress, deficiency, policy essence and so on. In order to illustrate the long-term impact of Blair's China policy on the Labour Party and the subsequent government, this paper realizes the practical and theoretical significance of this study.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D756.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 孙永艳;;新世纪以来中英关系走向分析[J];辽宁师专学报(社会科学版);2014年06期
，本文编号：2289833
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