论托克维尔民主心灵习性理论的现代政治价值——对我国公民理性政治参与的若干启示

发布时间：2018-11-11 20:25

【摘要】：法国政治学家托克维尔在其经典著作《论美国的民主》中对其所在年代的美国公民的政治参与心理与政治参与方式进行了系统论述,并将之总结为其根源在于美国人在政治参与过程中形成的民主心灵习性。本文首先基于政治心理学视角对托克维尔的民主心灵习性理论内涵进行系统阐述,指出所谓公民的民主心灵习性本质上即是公民的一种民主政治心理习惯;其次,运用政治心理学的分析方法对民主心灵习性予以理论解构,指出其应由公民的政治参与人格、政治参与态度、政治参与认知、政治参与记忆、政治参与知觉、政治参与情感、政治参与认同七个要素构成;最后根据勒温的场论与前述民主心灵习性的理论内涵,指出可基于下述两个方面培育公民的理性政治参与观:一是构建公民理性政治参与的心理结构,具体包括政治参与人格的培育、政治参与态度的树立、政治参与认知的提高、政治参与记忆的沉淀、政治参与知觉的培育、政治参与情感的培育与政治参与认同的确立;二是构建公民的理性政治参与行为情境,具体内容包括公民政治参与制度环境的完善、公民政治参与文化环境的培育与公民政治参与社会环境的培育。
[Abstract]:In his classic book on American Democracy, French political scientist Tocqueville systematically discusses the psychology of political participation and the ways of political participation of American citizens in his time. And summarized it as the root of the American political participation in the process of the formation of democratic spiritual habits. Firstly, based on the perspective of political psychology, this paper systematically expounds the connotation of Tocqueville's democratic spiritual habit, and points out that the so-called citizen's democratic spiritual habit is essentially a citizen's democratic political psychological habit. Secondly, using the analytical method of political psychology to deconstruct the democratic spiritual habit, it points out that it should be composed of citizen's political participation personality, political participation attitude, political participation cognition, political participation memory, political participation perception. Political participation emotion, political participation identification of the seven elements; Finally, according to Lewin's field theory and the theoretical connotation of the aforementioned democratic spiritual habits, the author points out that citizens' rational political participation can be cultivated in the following two aspects: first, constructing the psychological structure of citizens' rational political participation. It includes the cultivation of political participation personality, the establishment of political participation attitude, the improvement of political participation cognition, the precipitation of political participation memory, the cultivation of political participation perception, the cultivation of political participation emotion and the establishment of political participation identity. The second is to construct the behavior situation of citizens' rational political participation, including the perfection of the system environment of citizen's political participation, the cultivation of the cultural environment of citizen's political participation and the cultivation of the social environment of citizen's political participation.
【作者单位】：济南大学政治与公共管理学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“民主心灵习性与公民公共责任意识的互动关系研究”(项目编号:11YJC810013) 教育部人文社会科学研究项目(项目编号:13YC810005)的阶段性成果教育部人文社科研究项目(项目编号:13KYJA840038)
【分类号】：D771.2

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