基于社会权利理念的英国福利国家改革及中国启示

发布时间：2018-11-14 17:00

【摘要】：福利问题是任何一个国家在现代化的过程中无法回避的一个问题。英国是福利国家起步较早的国家，其改革的经验丰富。本文的研究目是从社会权利角度对英国的福利国家改革进行分析，探讨社会权利与福利国家的关系，促进我国公民的社会权利建设。在具体的研究过程中，对大量的资料进行分析与综合，对学者的观点进行归纳，以深化对社会权利理论和福利国家关系的认识。从社会权利角度研究英国的福利改革有助于我们深化对福利国家的认识，更好地探索我国公民的社会权利实现的路径。纵观英国福利国家改革的轨迹，英国福利国家的发展经历了三个阶段。二战后，英国建立起覆盖全社会的福利国家，公民的社会权利得以发展。由于国家过度干预，导致公民的社会权利和义务失衡。撒切尔政府推行福利私有化，这样减轻了国家的福利负担，却贬低了公民的社会权利的公共性，公民的社会权利面临危机。布莱尔政府主张重构福利国家，主张福利主体多元化，建设社会投资型国家。公民的社会权利进一步发展。对于正处于深化社会保障制度改革的我国来说，从社会权利角度研究英国福利国家的改革具有十分重要的现实意义。在借鉴英国福利国家改革经验时，我们要根据国情，探索适合我国社会权利建设的路径。首先，坚持权利和责任的统一。国家和市场要很好地保障公民的社会权利，公民自身也要增强责任意识。其次，重构国家、市场和社会之间的关系。国家、市场和社会之间要协调互动，保持良好的关系。最后，，进一步完善公民的社会权利的实现路径。注重人力资本投资，坚持效率和公平的统一，注重公民的政治参与。
[Abstract]:Welfare is an unavoidable problem in the process of modernization in any country. Britain is the welfare state started early, its reform experience is rich. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the reform of British welfare state from the angle of social rights, to explore the relationship between social rights and welfare state, and to promote the construction of social rights of Chinese citizens. In the specific research process, a large number of data are analyzed and synthesized, and the viewpoints of scholars are summarized in order to deepen the understanding of the theory of social rights and the relationship between welfare state. It is helpful for us to deepen our understanding of the welfare state and better explore the path to the realization of our citizens' social rights by studying the welfare reform in Britain from the perspective of social rights. Throughout the reform of the welfare state, the development of the British welfare state has gone through three stages. After World War II, Britain established a welfare state covering the whole society and the social rights of its citizens developed. Due to excessive intervention by the state, the social rights and obligations of citizens are out of balance. Thatcher government carried out welfare privatisation, which lightened the welfare burden of the country, but belittled the publicity of citizens' social rights, which faced a crisis. Blair government advocates the reconstruction of welfare state, the diversification of welfare subjects and the construction of social investment-oriented state. The social rights of citizens have been further developed. For China, which is in the process of deepening the reform of social security system, it is of great practical significance to study the reform of the British welfare state from the perspective of social rights. In drawing lessons from the experience of the reform of the British welfare state, we should explore the path suitable for the construction of social rights in our country according to the national conditions. First of all, uphold the unity of rights and responsibilities. The state and market should protect citizens' social rights and strengthen their sense of responsibility. Second, reconstruct the relationship between state, market and society. The country, the market and the society should coordinate and interact and maintain good relations. Finally, to further improve the path to the realization of citizens' social rights. Pay attention to the investment of human capital, adhere to the unity of efficiency and fairness, and pay attention to the political participation of citizens.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D756.1

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