20世纪上半期俄罗斯人口问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-28 17:37

【摘要】： 20世纪上半期俄罗斯国内外发生的一些重大事件,对俄罗斯的人口结构、人口变动等方面都产生了重大影响,致使俄罗斯的人口状况在很长时间内都不能沿正常轨道发展。上个世纪90年代初苏联解体后,俄罗斯人口首次出现死亡率超过出生率,出现了负增长。而且,一直以来每年以30万人的速度减少。究其根源,与20世纪上半期的人口状况有着密切的联系。论文从人口结构角度,分析了俄罗斯人口的年龄结构、性别结构、城市和农村家庭结构、社会阶层从业结构及人口分布,揭示了俄罗斯各历史阶段人口的结构性特征及其原因,同时探讨了人口结构潜在的社会问题。从人口变迁角度,分析了俄罗斯人口数量和质量的变化,阐述了这一时期城市及农村人口的数量变化轨迹及原因。从人口素质的角度探究了人口识字情况及国民教育的发展。从重大历史事件的角度,阐述了两次世界大战、国内战争、20年代初和30年代初两次大饥荒、工业化和城市化以及农业全盘集体化等社会变迁的力量对俄罗斯人口状况的影响。研究20世纪上半期俄罗斯人口问题,不仅有利于发现俄罗斯的人口发展变化的轨迹,而且对于探究俄罗斯的一切社会问题均有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:During the first half of the 20th century, some important events occurred at home and abroad in Russia, which had a great influence on the population structure and population change of Russia, so that the Russian population situation could not develop along the normal track for a long time. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990 s, the death rate exceeded the birth rate for the first time, with negative growth. And it has been shrinking at the rate of 300000 people a year. The root causes are closely related to the population in the first half of the 20 th century. From the point of view of population structure, this paper analyzes the age structure, sex structure, urban and rural family structure, social stratum employment structure and population distribution of Russian population, and reveals the structural characteristics and causes of Russian population in different historical stages. At the same time, the potential social problems of population structure are discussed. From the point of view of population change, this paper analyzes the change of population quantity and quality in Russia, and expounds the track and reason of the quantity change of urban and rural population in this period. This paper probes into the situation of population literacy and the development of national education from the point of view of population quality. From the point of view of major historical events, this paper expounds the influence of the forces of social changes such as two world wars, civil wars, two great famines in the early 1920s and early 1930s, industrialization and urbanization, and agricultural collectivization on the Russian population. The study of the Russian population problem in the first half of the 20th century is not only conducive to discovering the track of Russian population development and change, but also has certain reference value and significance for the exploration of all social problems in Russia.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D751.2

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