瑞典移民在劳动力市场中的困境——果与因

发布时间：2018-12-24 10:24

【摘要】：本文按移民来源国阐述了瑞典移民的人口状况,之后概述了出生于国外的瑞典移民及其子女的就业情况。一代和二代移民的就业率比本土出生的人要低。在中低收入国家出生的人的就业率格外低——这些人通常从外在特征、名字和语言能力等方面很容易与本地人区分开来。看起来是若干具有内在关联的因素造成了这一局面。本文探讨的原因集中于移民特征、申请工作者被录用的过程、瑞典劳动力市场上相对高的最低工资,以及立法及其贯彻实施等方面。外来移民进入劳动力市场的艰难带来了各种后果。其中包括其享有社会救济和伤残养老金的人员比例比本土瑞典人要高,以及公共部门预算的压力持续增长。另外,本地人与很多移民群体之间在可支配收入方面存在差距。移民就业的劣势也导致大量移民及其子女居住在弱势社区,居住地被隔离产生的困扰与问题会带来长远的社会影响。
[Abstract]:This paper expounds the population status of Swedish immigrants according to their countries of origin, and then summarizes the employment situation of Swedish immigrants born abroad and their children. The employment rate of a generation and a second generation of immigrants is lower than that of native-born people. Employment is particularly low among people born in low- and middle-income countries, who are often easily distinguished from locals in terms of external characteristics, names and language skills. It appears that a number of intrinsically related factors contributed to the situation. This paper focuses on the characteristics of immigrants, the process of applying for employment, the relatively high minimum wage in the Swedish labour market, and legislation and its implementation. The difficulties of immigration into the labour market have all sorts of consequences. These include a higher proportion of people on social assistance and disability pensions than native Swedes and growing pressures on public sector budgets. In addition, there is a gap in disposable income between locals and many immigrant groups. The disadvantage of immigrant employment also leads to a large number of immigrants and their children living in disadvantaged communities, the isolation of residence problems will bring long-term social impact.
【作者单位】：瑞典哥德堡大学社会工作学系、波恩劳动力研究所;中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所;
【分类号】：D753.2

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