“客户政治”与20世纪90年代澳大利亚移民政策的转变

发布时间：2019-02-24 14:11

【摘要】：二战后,随着国际人口迁移的加剧,对国际移民的研究备受关注。西方一些政治学者就"国家"、"政治"或"政策"在移民现象中的作用提出了"移民政策理论"。本文试图运用以"利益导向"理论为基础的"客户政治"模式对20世纪90年代澳大利亚转向紧缩的移民政策的原因进行分析。在澳大利亚移民政策的制定过程中,希望增加移民的利益集团通过参与决策进程,在大选中运用"族裔选票"等手段来影响政府决策;而倾向紧缩移民政策的广大民众却因缺乏组织性无法有效地向政府施压,从而在移民问题上建立了"客户政治"模式。但随着80年代后期移民问题的公开化,这一政治模式趋于瓦解。澳大利亚主要政党为了迎合选民需求在上台执政后开始实行紧缩的移民政策。
[Abstract]:After World War II, with the aggravation of international migration, the study of international migration has attracted much attention. Some western political scholars put forward the theory of immigration policy on the role of "state", "politics" or "policy" in the phenomenon of immigration. This paper attempts to analyze the reasons for Australia's shift to a tight immigration policy in the 1990s by using the "client politics" model based on the theory of "interest orientation". In the process of making immigration policy in Australia, it is hoped to increase the interest groups of immigrants to influence government decision-making by participating in decision-making process and using "ethnic vote" in general election. The vast majority of people who tend to tighten immigration policies are unable to put pressure on the government effectively because of lack of organization, thus establishing a "client politics" model on immigration issues. But with the openness of immigration in the late 1980 s, this political model collapsed. Australia's main political parties have begun to tighten immigration policies when they take office to cater to voters.
【作者单位】：南京大学历史系;江苏师范大学历史文化与旅游学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“澳大利亚亚洲移民政策与亚洲新移民问题研究(20世纪70年代至今)”的阶段性成果,项目批准号11BRK002
【分类号】：D761.1

【共引文献】