澳大利亚移民政策演进及其对经济的影响研究
发布时间：2019-03-05 13:06
【摘要】：澳大利亚作为一个多民族组成的移民国家,也是经济文化发达的西方国家,所以成为了包括中国人在内的世界各国人士首选的移民目的地之一。移民政策是澳大利亚现行国策"多元文化主义"政策的核心内容,它对澳大利亚的政治经济发展有着非常重要的影响。本文通过整合和完善原有的澳大利亚移民政策与经济发展的研究成果,从经济学角度综合分析了澳大利亚各时期移民政策演进原因和其对本国经济的影响,探求移民政策和其经济发展两者之间的相互关系。首先,本文通过对现有的有关移民理论进行梳理,在此基础上提出了本文的研究思路并阐述了海外移民的经济原因、政治原因和自然人口原因等因素;进而对海外移民的经济效应进行了经济学分析,通过对同质、不同质劳动下的移民经济分析,研究表明,海外移民对本国经济的影响要考虑多方面的因素,诸如移民类型、移民质量、本国国内劳动力市场配置状况等。其次,本文阐述了澳大利亚建国前的经济发展特点,描述了澳大利亚建国前所经历的两次经济起飞;继而介绍了"白澳政策"时期澳大利亚经济发展的特点;以及澳大利亚多元文化形成的经济原因及其进入转型时期经济的主要表现。再次,本文分别阐述了不同时期澳大利亚的移民政策的变化演进历程。通过对澳大利亚建国前、白澳政策时期、多元文化时期所采取的移民政策进行了分阶段介绍,归纳了不同阶段澳大利益移民政策的特点,包括在不同的历史时期对移民的种类和数量的需求差异及其原因。最后,本文采用了描述性和实证分析的方法,分析了移民和移民政策对澳大利亚经济的影响。一是分析了建国前移民对澳大利亚各主要行业和劳动力市场以及对外贸易的影响;二是分析了 "白澳政策"导致的澳大利亚长期陷入封闭的经济背景下,通过移民改变了澳大利亚的人口状况,推动了澳大利亚的人口快速增长;三是分析了在多元文化时期,因为多元文化政策的实施,多元移民对经济增长做出了重大的贡献,推动了澳大利亚向发达国家的转变;最后,重点就澳大利亚经济转型时期下移民对经济增长的影响、对平均工资水平的影响和对劳动力市场的影响进行了描述性分析和实证分析,研究表明,移民对澳大利亚的经济增长产生重要的推动作用,同时移民对澳大利亚工资水平也具有负面影响;但是移民对澳大利亚就业率并没有显著的影响。此外,在前文的基础上,本文进一步分析了 2008年金融危机以后,澳大利亚移民政策的变化和其原因及已经显现的经济影响,并对澳大利亚未来移民政策进行了展望。研究说明,澳大利亚经济发展在很大程度上需要依赖相适应的移民政策支持,同时经济发展也是移民政策不断修改的主要原因。
[Abstract]:As a multi-ethnic immigrant country, Australia is also an economically and culturally developed western country, so it has become one of the preferred immigration destinations for people from all over the world, including the Chinese. Immigration policy is the core of Australia's current national policy of multiculturalism, which has a very important impact on Australia's political and economic development. Through the integration and improvement of the original Australian immigration policy and economic development, this paper comprehensively analyzes the reasons for the evolution of Australian immigration policy in various periods and its impact on the domestic economy from the perspective of economics. Explore the relationship between immigration policy and its economic development. First of all, this article combs the existing immigration theory, on this basis, puts forward the research ideas of this paper and expounds the economic reasons, political reasons and natural population reasons of the emigration abroad, and other factors, such as the economic reasons, the political reasons and the natural population reasons and so on. Based on the economic analysis of the economic effects of overseas immigrants, the study shows that the influence of overseas immigrants on their own economy should take into account various factors, such as the types of immigrants, through the economic analysis of emigration under the same quality and different quality of labor. Immigration quality, the allocation of the domestic labour market, and so on. Secondly, this paper describes the characteristics of Australian economic development before the founding of Australia, describes the two economic takeoffs before the founding of Australia, and then introduces the characteristics of Australian economic development in the period of "White Australia Policy". And the economic causes of the formation of Australian multiculturalism and the main performance of the economy during the transition period. Thirdly, this paper expounds the evolution of Australia's immigration policy in different periods. Through the introduction of the immigration policy before the founding of Australia, the White Australia Policy period and the multiculturalism period, this paper summarizes the characteristics of Australia's great interest immigration policy in different stages. Including the different historical periods of the demand for the type and quantity of immigrants and the reasons for them. Finally, this paper uses descriptive and empirical methods to analyze the impact of immigration and immigration policies on Australia's economy. The first is to analyze the impact of immigrants before the founding of the people's Republic of China on Australia's major industries and labor market as well as foreign trade; The second is to analyze Australia's long-term closed economic background caused by "White Australia Policy", through immigration to change Australia's population situation, to promote the rapid growth of Australia's population; Thirdly, it analyzes that in the period of multiculturalism, because of the implementation of multicultural policy, pluralistic immigrants have made a great contribution to economic growth and promoted the transformation from Australia to developed countries. Finally, a descriptive and empirical analysis of the impact of immigration on economic growth, the impact on average wage levels and the labour market during Australia's economic transition period is made, and the research shows that the impact of migration on economic growth, the impact on the average wage level and on the labour market is descriptive and empirical. Immigration plays an important role in promoting Australia's economic growth, and immigration has a negative impact on Australian wages. But immigration has no significant effect on Australia's employment rate. In addition, on the basis of the previous paper, this paper further analyzes the changes and causes of Australia's immigration policy after the 2008 financial crisis and its economic impact, and looks forward to the future immigration policy of Australia. The research shows that Australia's economic development is largely dependent on the appropriate immigration policy support, and economic development is also the main reason for the continuous revision of immigration policy.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D761.1;F161.1
，
本文编号：2434932
[Abstract]:As a multi-ethnic immigrant country, Australia is also an economically and culturally developed western country, so it has become one of the preferred immigration destinations for people from all over the world, including the Chinese. Immigration policy is the core of Australia's current national policy of multiculturalism, which has a very important impact on Australia's political and economic development. Through the integration and improvement of the original Australian immigration policy and economic development, this paper comprehensively analyzes the reasons for the evolution of Australian immigration policy in various periods and its impact on the domestic economy from the perspective of economics. Explore the relationship between immigration policy and its economic development. First of all, this article combs the existing immigration theory, on this basis, puts forward the research ideas of this paper and expounds the economic reasons, political reasons and natural population reasons of the emigration abroad, and other factors, such as the economic reasons, the political reasons and the natural population reasons and so on. Based on the economic analysis of the economic effects of overseas immigrants, the study shows that the influence of overseas immigrants on their own economy should take into account various factors, such as the types of immigrants, through the economic analysis of emigration under the same quality and different quality of labor. Immigration quality, the allocation of the domestic labour market, and so on. Secondly, this paper describes the characteristics of Australian economic development before the founding of Australia, describes the two economic takeoffs before the founding of Australia, and then introduces the characteristics of Australian economic development in the period of "White Australia Policy". And the economic causes of the formation of Australian multiculturalism and the main performance of the economy during the transition period. Thirdly, this paper expounds the evolution of Australia's immigration policy in different periods. Through the introduction of the immigration policy before the founding of Australia, the White Australia Policy period and the multiculturalism period, this paper summarizes the characteristics of Australia's great interest immigration policy in different stages. Including the different historical periods of the demand for the type and quantity of immigrants and the reasons for them. Finally, this paper uses descriptive and empirical methods to analyze the impact of immigration and immigration policies on Australia's economy. The first is to analyze the impact of immigrants before the founding of the people's Republic of China on Australia's major industries and labor market as well as foreign trade; The second is to analyze Australia's long-term closed economic background caused by "White Australia Policy", through immigration to change Australia's population situation, to promote the rapid growth of Australia's population; Thirdly, it analyzes that in the period of multiculturalism, because of the implementation of multicultural policy, pluralistic immigrants have made a great contribution to economic growth and promoted the transformation from Australia to developed countries. Finally, a descriptive and empirical analysis of the impact of immigration on economic growth, the impact on average wage levels and the labour market during Australia's economic transition period is made, and the research shows that the impact of migration on economic growth, the impact on the average wage level and on the labour market is descriptive and empirical. Immigration plays an important role in promoting Australia's economic growth, and immigration has a negative impact on Australian wages. But immigration has no significant effect on Australia's employment rate. In addition, on the basis of the previous paper, this paper further analyzes the changes and causes of Australia's immigration policy after the 2008 financial crisis and its economic impact, and looks forward to the future immigration policy of Australia. The research shows that Australia's economic development is largely dependent on the appropriate immigration policy support, and economic development is also the main reason for the continuous revision of immigration policy.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D761.1;F161.1
，
本文编号：2434932
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