组织与认同：俄罗斯村社变迁

发布时间：2019-05-09 19:32

【摘要】：关于俄罗斯村社变迁的研究,大都是基于历史视角,集中注意力于村社组织的变迁,追溯其原始氏族公社的起源,从时间的维度详细记述其各个阶段村社组织、职能、性质等的变迁过程。本文尝试以村社组织变迁与村社成员的村社认同变迁为线索,探究村社历史发展和变迁的过程,在对村社历史发展脉络有着整体认识的同时,获知村社产生、发展和衰落的内在原因和发展逻辑。从俄罗斯村社的历史演变入手,可以从宏观上展现出村社的变迁过程,但这种变迁需要历史线索来贯穿。其一,作为一个组织机构,俄罗斯村社有着自己的机构设置。通过分析其村社大会、“长老会议”以及村社社长的地位和作用的变化,使人们看到村社组织这一有机统一体的高度凝聚力。由于村社组织强有力的聚合力,社员对村社的认同也会加深,自然会统一在村社组织之下,村社组织的变迁是村社认同变化的重要影响因子。其二,村社组织结构的变化必然会造成作为一种公共组织的村社出现职能的调整,俄罗斯村社在不同的历史时期有着不尽相同的职能运作方式。村社作为农村基层的行政组织和社会组织,社员可以利用这一组织自主管理村社事务,其管理及服务社员的过程有着浓厚的非官方色彩。然而随着历史的发展,村社逐渐被纳入国家管理体系,其官方色彩加重,自主管理的自治属性与官方行政属性并存,而这种双重属性势必影响村社成员对村社的认同。其三,村社认同作为一种意识形态,尤其是一种涉及情感、态度、价值观等方面的意识形态概念,它的形成和变迁自然无法脱离村社内部氛围及村社文化传统的影响。社员的日常交往、行为方式、相互关系,村社自身的政治、经济、宗教文化传统,都成为影响村社认同的直观因素。本文试图通过宏观上对俄罗斯村社历史、组织架构、职能运作等方面的变迁过程进行梳理,以及微观上对社员意识、宗族关系、宗教观念等方面的探索,从而获得俄罗斯村社变迁的整体了解。
[Abstract]:Most of the studies on the changes of Russian villages are based on the historical perspective, focusing on the changes of Yu Cun's organization, tracing back to the origin of their primitive clan communes, and describing in detail the organization and functions of the villages in each stage from the dimension of time. The process of change in nature, etc. This paper attempts to explore the process of the historical development and change of the village community, taking the organizational change of the village community and the change of the village community identity of the members of the village community as the clue, and at the same time having an overall understanding of the historical development of the village community, knowing that the village society came into being. The internal causes and logic of development and decline. Starting with the historical evolution of Russian village cooperatives, we can show the process of village community changes from a macro point of view, but this change needs historical clues to run through. First, as an organization, the Russian Village Society has its own institutional setting. By analyzing the changes of the status and function of the village society general assembly, the "council of elders" and the president of the village community, people can see the high cohesion of the organic unity of the village community organization. Due to the strong cohesion of village community organization, the recognition of village community will be deepened, and it will be unified under the village community organization, and the change of village community organization is an important influencing factor of village community identity change. Second, the change of the organizational structure of the village community will inevitably lead to the adjustment of the functions of the village community as a public organization, and the Russian village community has different functional operation modes in different historical periods. As an administrative organization and social organization at the grass-roots level in rural areas, members can use this organization to manage village affairs independently, and its management and service process has a strong unofficial color. However, with the development of history, the village community has been gradually brought into the national management system, its official color is aggravated, the autonomy attribute of independent management coexists with the official administrative attribute, and this dual attribute is bound to affect the identity of the village community members to the village society. Third, as an ideology, especially an ideological concept involving emotion, attitude, values and so on, the formation and change of village community identity can not be separated from the influence of the internal atmosphere of village community and the cultural tradition of village society. The daily communication, behavior, relationship and the political, economic, religious and cultural traditions of the village community have become the intuitive factors that affect the identity of the village community. This paper attempts to sort out the changing process of the history, organizational structure and function operation of Russian village cooperatives from a macro point of view, as well as the micro-exploration of membership consciousness, clan relations, religious concepts and so on. In order to obtain the overall understanding of the changes of Russian villages.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D751.2

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