论西方社会民主主义的“第三条道路”

发布时间：2019-06-16 18:33

【摘要】：“第三条道路”(The Third Way)这一概念在历史上含义各不相同。本文所要探讨的“第三条道路”，作为当代西方的一种时髦的社会思潮，是西方资本主义国家中的社会党为解决全球化时代出现的各种问题而提出的一种执政理论，其目标是力图实现社会民主主义的“复兴”。 “第三条道路”主张重新界定国家的职能，关注公平与效率的矛盾，超越社会民主主义和新自由主义关于“计划与市场”、“公有与私有”问题上的争论，建立一种新的“混合经济”。主张把国家与市场二者结合起来，改革过去的福利政策。认为左／右两分法的政治思维已经过时，社会党要由“阶级的党”向“全民党”转变，为此要建立一种合作包容型的新社会关系。认为经济全球化是一种现实，对于全球性问题的解决，它提出了一种“全球治理”的战略。站在马克思主义立场上，用唯物史观和辩证法对“第三条道路”进行深入分析，本文认为，“第三条道路”是在全球化迅速发展、冷战结束和世界格局变化的大背景下，西方资产阶级左翼政党面对资本主义社会出现的新问题，提出解决方案的理论观点和政策主张。这些理论观点和政策主张，表明了西欧左翼政党向右转化的倾向。第一，左翼政党的进一步右转。“第三条道路”的理论主张仍属于资产阶级性质。第二，实用主义和折中主义的思维特征。“第三条道路”的实用主义和折中主义色彩非常明显，由于实用主义和折中主义，“第三条道路”不可避免地存在一些缺陷。第三，适应资本主义发展的新需求。“第三条道路”是在资本主义框架内的一种改良，目的是为了谋求资本主义的进一步发展。第四，推行全球霸权主义的遮羞布。“第三条道路”的全球治理理论以西方式的民主为核心，其全球治理理论的口号冠冕堂皇，，但具体到实践中就是军事上的“新干涉主义”，是为强权政治和霸权主义进行辩护的理论工具。第五，挽救不了资本主义的最终命运。“第三条道路”未能如愿地缓释欧洲各国存在的政治经济困境，各国社会党遭遇到了极右势力的严峻挑战，事实表明，社会党所奉行的社会民主主义理论不是解决资本主义危机的良方，“第三条道路”也不是能够医治“西方病”的灵丹妙药。
[Abstract]:The concept of "third way" (The Third Way) has different meanings in history. The "third way", which is to be discussed in this paper, as a fashionable social trend of thought in the contemporary West, is a ruling theory put forward by the Socialist Party in western capitalist countries in order to solve all kinds of problems in the era of globalization, and its goal is to realize the "rejuvenation" of social democracy. The third way advocates redefining the function of the state, paying attention to the contradiction between fairness and efficiency, surpassing the debate between social democracy and neoliberalism on the issue of "plan and market" and "public and private", and establishing a new "mixed economy". Advocate the combination of the state and the market to reform the welfare policy of the past. It is believed that the political thinking of the left / right dichotomous method is out of date, and the Socialist Party should change from a "class party" to a "whole party". Therefore, it is necessary to establish a new cooperative and inclusive social relationship. It is considered that economic globalization is a reality, and it puts forward a strategy of "global governance" for solving global problems. From the standpoint of Marxism, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the "third way" with historical materialism and dialectics. This paper holds that under the background of the rapid development of globalization, the end of the Cold War and the change of the world pattern, the left-wing political parties of the western bourgeoisie put forward the theoretical viewpoints and policy propositions of the solutions in the face of new problems in capitalist society. These theoretical views and policy ideas show the tendency of left-wing parties in Western Europe to transform to the right. First, a further right turn for the left-wing parties. The theoretical proposition of the third way still belongs to the bourgeois nature. Second, pragmatism and eclectic thinking characteristics. The pragmatism and eclecticism of the third way are very obvious. Because of pragmatism and compromise, the third road inevitably has some defects. Third, adapt to the new needs of the development of capitalism. The third way is an improvement within the framework of capitalism, the purpose of which is to seek the further development of capitalism. Fourth, the implementation of global hegemonism. Democracy in the west of the theory of global governance in the third way is the core, and the slogan of the theory of global governance is magnificent, but in practice, it is the "new interventionism" in the military, and it is a theoretical tool to defend power politics and hegemonism. Fifth, the ultimate fate of capitalism can not be saved. The "third way" has failed to release the political and economic difficulties of European countries, and the socialist parties in all countries have encountered severe challenges from far-right forces. Facts have shown that the social democracy theory pursued by the socialist parties is not a good way to solve the capitalist crisis, and the "third way" is not a panacea for "western diseases."
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D50

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