北方地区出土龙泉青瓷初步研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 19:06

本文关键词： 北方地区龙泉青瓷分期分布地域路线　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文通过对北方地区出土龙泉青瓷的收集整理，对这些瓷器的类型、特征、分期等问题做了较为深入的研究，对龙泉青瓷在北方地区的分布地域和使用人群，以及输入途径和路线等问题也做了初步的讨论。全文共分为四大部分。第一部分简要介绍了北方地区龙泉青瓷发现的基本情况，并对以往的研究状况做了回顾。第二部分是对北方地区出土龙泉青瓷所做的类型介绍。第三部分主要叙述了北方地区出土龙泉青瓷的分期与特征。分为四期：第一期为元代早期，公元1234年～1307年，这一时期，龙泉青瓷发现较少，，器型、装饰也较为单一，伴出瓷器中，景德镇窑青白瓷器较多，其次为钧釉瓷器；第二期为元代中晚期，公元1308年～1368年，龙泉青瓷出土数量大增，器型丰富，大件器物大量出现，装饰手法多样，伴出瓷器中，以北方窑场生产的瓷器数量居多；第三期为明代早中期，公元1368～1521年，数量巨大，且集中出土于几个遗址，器型丰富，装饰手法以刻划、模印为主，伴出瓷器中，景德镇窑瓷器在数量上占有绝对优势；第四期为元代晚期，公元1522～1644年，数量锐减，器型也不甚丰富，装饰手法以模印和刻划为主，伴出瓷器中，景德镇窑瓷器仍占主流。第四部分是对相关问题的讨论。首先是结合分期结果对龙泉青瓷在北方地区的分布地域及使用人群的分析。可以看出，北方地区出土龙泉青瓷的地域是随时代而变化的。元代早期除略阳八渡河窖藏外，其余遗址均位于元统治中心区，中晚期则扩展到了北方全境；明代早中期，出土范围大大缩小，集中在当时的京师地区；到了明代晚期，地域范围又有所扩张。使用人群方面，除元代早期主要为社会上层所拥有外，龙泉青瓷的消费对象还是以平民为主。其次是关于元、明两代龙泉青瓷输入途径和路线的探讨。元代可能存在专门供应宫廷的龙泉青瓷，有学者推测大多是各地征收或地方官府上贡而来，明代则有明确的窑场按照官府制定的样式、数量来烧造。其余龙泉青瓷都是通过贸易的途径流入北方地区的。运输途径主要是海运、水运、陆运三种方式相结合。元代龙泉青瓷的北输应当是以海运和内河航运为主，辅以陆路运输；明代海运主要是政府行为，南方瓷器要进入北方市场，应当是通过运河和陆路运输相结合的方式进行的。另外本文还提出了对济南郎茂山家族墓M1年代的疑问，根据出土龙泉青瓷碗的特征，认为M1年代应为1340年，而非1280年。最后为结语部分。
[Abstract]:Through the collection and arrangement of Longquan celadon unearthed in northern China, this paper makes a deep study on the types, characteristics and stages of these porcelain, and on the distribution of Longquan celadon in the northern region and the people who use it. The input path and route are also discussed. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part briefly introduces the basic situation of the discovery of Longquan celadon and reviews the previous research situation. The second part introduces the types of Longquan celadon unearthed in the north. The third part mainly narrates the stage and characteristic of Longquan celadon unearthed in northern area. It is divided into four periods: the first period is the early Yuan Dynasty, 1234 to 1307, this period, Longquan celadon found less. In the porcelain, Jingdezhen kiln white porcelain is more, followed by Jun glazed porcelain; The second period is the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, from 1308 to 1368, the number of celadon unearthed in Longquan increased greatly, the type was rich, a large number of large objects appeared, the decoration techniques were various, accompanied by porcelain. The quantity of porcelain produced in northern kilns is the most. The third period is the early Ming Dynasty, AD 1368 to 1521, a large number, and concentrated on several sites, rich in the type, decorative techniques to carve, mold printing, accompanied by porcelain. Jingdezhen kiln porcelain has an absolute advantage in quantity; Period 4th is the late Yuan Dynasty, AD 1522 ~ 1644, the number of sharply reduced, the type is not very rich, decorative techniques to mold printing and engraving, accompanied by porcelain, Jingdezhen kiln porcelain is still the mainstream. The first part is the analysis of the distribution of Longquan celadon in the northern region and the crowd of users combined with the results of the stages. The region of Longquan celadon unearthed in the north changed with the times. In the early Yuan Dynasty, except for the Baduhe cellar in Lueyang, the remaining sites were located in the central area of Yuan Dynasty and extended to the whole territory of the north in the middle and late period. In the early and middle Ming Dynasty, the unearthed area was greatly reduced and concentrated in the area of capital division at that time. In the late Ming Dynasty, the area was also expanded. Besides the upper class of society in the early Yuan Dynasty, the consuming object of Longquan celadon was mainly civilians. The second is about the Yuan, the Ming Longquan celadon input path and route. The Yuan Dynasty may have a special supply court of Longquan celadon, some scholars speculated that most of them were collected from various places or local officials came from the palace. Ming Dynasty has a clear kiln in accordance with the official style, the number of burning. The rest of Longquan celadon are flowing into the northern region through the way of trade. Transport is mainly by sea, water transport. The north transportation of Longquan celadon in Yuan Dynasty should be mainly by sea and inland waterway, supplemented by land transportation. Shipping by sea in Ming Dynasty was mainly a government act. If southern china wants to enter the northern market, it should be carried out through the combination of canal and land transportation. In addition, this paper also raises the question of the M1's tomb of Langmaoshan family in Jinan. According to the characteristics of the celadon bowl unearthed in Longquan, the M1 period should be 1340, not 1280. The last part is the conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K876.3

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